Development Of A New Technique To Evaluate Abrasivieness Artificial Turf (P168)

Sanchis, Mercedes; Rosa, David Manuel Folgado-de la; Gamez, J.P.; Alcántara, Enrique; Gimeno, Carmen; Such, María José; Prat, Jaime; Dejoz, Ricardo

doi:10.1007/978-2-287-99056-4_18

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Sanchis et al showed that there was no strong correlation between the coefficient of friction and damage when using a silicone rubber skin replacer. When tested on different artificial turf surfaces, similar coefficients of friction resulted in different roughness values of the worn rubber (Sanchis et al 2008). It was suggested that other mechanisms than friction are responsible for the observed damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, current research in the field of skin-friendly artificial turf surfaces is concentrated on friction coefficient measurements. It is assumed that the level of friction is correlated to the skin abrasion (Sanchis et al 2008;Zanetti et al 2013;Tay et al 2015). However, there is no simple correlation between friction and skin damage (wear).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current test methods for assessing the abrasiveness of artificial turf use skin replacers like silicon or foam as a readout (FIFA 2008b;ASTM 2009). However, these methods are questioned because they do not simulate the real load experienced by a player during a sliding (Sanchis et al 2008). Further, the applied materials do not mimic the real skin response (van den Eijnde et al 2014b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The load tolerance of skin during impact on artificial turf usingex-vivoskin as the readout system

Eijnde

Masen

Lamers

et al. 2017

Science and Medicine in Football

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Background: Understanding the mechanism of sliding induced skin injuries on artificial turf is important to define preventive measures. Recent findings revealed that high peak loads on the knee and thigh during impact of a sliding tackle are critical for inducing skin injuries. Unfortunately, skin failure data under combined impact load is lacking. Methods: In this study the load tolerance of skin to impact on both dry and wet artificial turf and natural grass is investigated by developing an ex-vivo model, a biaxial load applicator and a loading protocol. Results: The critical shear-normal stress combination at which skin breakdown occurred on dry artificial turf was 38 and 20 N. cm −2. Skin damage on wet artificial turf firstly was noticed at a shear-normal stress combination of 55 and 20 N. cm −2. On natural grass, skin breakdown only occurred at a combined shear and normal stress of 130 and 125 N. cm −2. The thickness of the stratum corneum after impact strongly correlated to the applied mechanical load during impact on dry artificial turf. Conclusion: In contrast to natural grass, skin damage on dry artificial turf is strongly related to the magnitude of the impact load. Wetting of the artificial turf system improves the load tolerance of skin to impact.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The load tolerance of skin during impact on artificial turf usingex-vivoskin as the readout system

Eijnde

Masen

Lamers

et al. 2017

Science and Medicine in Football

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“…The temperature rise measured with the novel sliding tester of a third-generation football field with sand and rubber infill in wet conditions (2 C) was much smaller than in dry condition (8 C) Sanchis et al 57 The correlation between the coefficient of friction and the roughness increase due to damage of a silicone skin replacer was not good; there was, however, a good correlation between human perception and the damaged artificial skin Type of surface Ekstrand et al 16 No significant differences were found in skin lesions between grass and third-generation artificial turf Fuller et al 25 Laceration/skin lesions in men were reported significantly higher on artificial turf than on grass (P < .01) in matches FIFA 19 The incidence of laceration/abrasion injuries between natural grass (3.09 injuries/1000 playinghours) and football turf (4.72 injuries/1000 playing-hours) were comparable Immers 36 The average annually self-reported number of abrasion injuries per player on artificial turf was twice as high than on natural grass (7.44 vs 3.14) Kordi et al 41 The incidence of laceration/skin lesions during a match were significantly higher (P < .01) when played on dirt fields compared with artificial turf (16.34 vs 3.62 skin injuries/1000 playing-hours) Hoekman and van den Heuvel 34…”

Section: Perceived Less Abrasion Injuries (82% Of Population) On Wet Artificial Turfmentioning

confidence: 93%

Understanding the Acute Skin Injury Mechanism Caused by Player-Surface Contact During Soccer

Eijnde

Peppelman

Lamers

et al. 2014

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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Background:Superficial skin injuries are considered minor, and their incidence is probably underestimated. Insight into the incidence and mechanism of acute skin injury can be helpful in developing suitable preventive measures and safer playing surfaces for soccer and other field sports.Purpose:To gain insight into the incidence and severity of skin injuries related to soccer and to describe the skin injury mechanism due to player-surface contact.Study Design:Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.Methods:The prevention model by van Mechelen et al (1992) combined with the injury causation model of Bahr and Krosshaug (2005) were used as a framework for the survey to describe the skin injury incidence and mechanism caused by player-surface contact.Results:The reviewed literature showed that common injury reporting methods are mainly based on time lost from participation or the need for medical attention. Because skin abrasions seldom lead to absence or medical attention, they are often not reported. When reported, the incidence of abrasion/laceration injuries varies from 0.8 to 6.1 injuries per 1000 player-hours. Wound assessment techniques such as the Skin Damage Area and Severity Index can be a valuable tool to obtain a more accurate estimation of the incidence and severity of acute skin injuries.Conclusion:The use of protective equipment, a skin lubricant, or wet surface conditions has a positive effect on preventing abrasion-type injuries from artificial turf surfaces. The literature also shows that essential biomechanical information of the sliding event is lacking, such as how energy is transferred to the area of contact. From a clinical and histological perspective, there are strong indications that a sliding-induced skin lesion is caused by mechanical rather than thermal injury to the skin.

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Development Of A New Technique To Evaluate Abrasivieness Artificial Turf (P168)

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

The load tolerance of skin during impact on artificial turf usingex-vivoskin as the readout system

The load tolerance of skin during impact on artificial turf usingex-vivoskin as the readout system

Understanding the Acute Skin Injury Mechanism Caused by Player-Surface Contact During Soccer

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