“…Thus, three-dimensional (3D) ultrafine-fiber products are promising for noise reduction in the field of vehicles . The electrospinning technique, with the merit of various material choices (polymer, , ceramic, , carbon, − and so on), easy control, and scalable synthesis availability, has been proven to be one of the most promising methods to fabricate microfibers and nanofibers. − However, the electrospun fibers usually directly assemble into densely packed membranes (with a thickness less than 100 μm); the thin felt exhibited a mediocre sound absorption performance due to the lack of contact time with the sound wave, and the thin electrospun fiber felts usually combine with nonwoven felts, fabrics, or foams in the sound absorption application, which can not realize the maximum utilization of electrospun ultrafine fibers. − Thus, it is necessary to fabricate 3D fiber assemblies to maximize the benefit of electrospun ultrafine fibers. Considerable efforts have been carried out to fabricate 3D electrospun fiber assemblies, such as mounting needles on the collector, − expanding the fiber layers by gas foaming, − or using a liquid bath collector. , Despite this progress in the construction of 3D fluffy electrospun fiber monoliths, the poor structural stability and the difficulty in pilot production severely hinder the application of these materials in the field of sound absorption. , Recently, 3D electrospun fiber assemblies have been fabricated by using oppositely charged jets or stacking the fiber felts, and they showed a better sound absorption performance than the commercial products.…”