Development of a multipurpose ion source for LC-MS and GC-API MS

Schiewek, Ralf; Lorenz, Matthias; Giese, R.; Brockmann, Klaus J.; Benter, Thorsten; Gäb, Siegmar; Schmitz, Oliver J.

doi:10.1007/s00216-008-2255-x

Cited by 80 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…To predict elemental compositions the same limits were applied as for data obtained with ESI-FTICRMS, with the exception of mass accuracy, where a limit of 5 ppm was specified. The APCI source was adapted in order to ionize species in the gas phase 30 . The capillary voltage was -2 kV and a current of 3μA was applied to the corona needle.…”

Section: Esi-ft-icrmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Trace Polar Species Present in Diesel Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Selective Ionization Techniques

et al. 2015

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The trace polar species present in diesel were investigated by combining selective ionization with high resolution mass spectrometry. To eliminate matrix effects, the polar fraction was extracted using methanol and direct infusion with electrospray ionization and mass analysis were performed. The advantages and limitations of time-of-flight mass spectrometry and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry for diesel analysis were discussed.Complementary information was obtained by considering both positive and negative ion mass spectra in terms of compounds that form part of the inherent fuel composition and compounds that represent fuel additives. Additionally, diluted fuels were separated by gas chromatography prior to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and mass analysis. Results showed that a large portion of unsaturated polycyclic hydrocarbons were not detected during direct infusion experiments, indicating that these species were not extracted efficiently with methanol and/or ionized efficiently with electrospray.

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Section: Esi-ft-icrmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Trace Polar Species Present in Diesel Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Selective Ionization Techniques

et al. 2015

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“…It was demonstrated earlier that selected compound classes, e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), are detectable two to three orders of magnitude more sensitive than with all other API methods, and a lower detection limit (LOD) in the amol regime has been achieved [2][3][4]. Furthermore, APLI is compatible with direct infusion stages, liquid chromatography (LC) [3], as well as with atmospheric pressure (AP) gas chromatography [5]. Along this line, rapid change from LC to GC operation, change of ionization methods (ESI, APCI, APLI), as well as true multi-mode operation (ESI/APLI) was recently demonstrated with a novel multi-purpose ion source (MPIS), coupled to a Bruker micrOTOF orthogonal time of flight (oaTOF) mass spectrometer (MS) [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, APLI is compatible with direct infusion stages, liquid chromatography (LC) [3], as well as with atmospheric pressure (AP) gas chromatography [5]. Along this line, rapid change from LC to GC operation, change of ionization methods (ESI, APCI, APLI), as well as true multi-mode operation (ESI/APLI) was recently demonstrated with a novel multi-purpose ion source (MPIS), coupled to a Bruker micrOTOF orthogonal time of flight (oaTOF) mass spectrometer (MS) [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Performance of Small Diode Pumped UV Solid State (DPSS) Nd:YAG Lasers as New Radiation Sources for Atmospheric Pressure Laser Ionization Mass Spectrometry (APLI-MS)

Kersten

Lorenz

Brockmann

et al. 2011

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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The performance of a KrF * bench top excimer laser and a compact diode pumped UV solid state (DPSS) Nd:YAG laser as photo-ionizing source in LC-APLI MS is compared. The commonly applied bench-top excimer laser, operating at 248 nm, provides power densities of the order of low MW/cm 2 on an illuminated area of 0.5 cm 2 (8 mJ/pulse, 5 ns pulse duration, beam waist area 0.5 cm 2 , 3 MW/cm 2 ). The DPSS laser, operating at 266 nm, provides higher power densities, however, on a two orders of magnitude smaller illuminated area (60 μJ/pulse, 1 ns pulse duration, beam waist area 2 × 10 -3 cm 2 , 30 MW/cm 2 ). In a common LC-APLI MS setup with direct infusion of a 10 nM pyrene solution, the DPSS laser yields a significantly smaller ion signal (0.9%) and signal to noise ratio (1.4%) compared with the excimer laser. With respect to the determined low detection limits (LODs) for PAHs of 0.1 fmol using an excimer laser, LODs in DPSS laser LC-APLI MS in the low pmol regime are expected. The advantages of the DPSS laser with respect to applicability (size, cost, simplicity) may render this light source the preferred one for APLI applications not focusing on ultimately high sensitivities. Furthermore, the impact of adjustable ion source parameters on the performance of both laser systems is discussed in terms of the spatial sensitivity distribution described by the distribution of ion acceptance (DIA) measurements. Perspectives concerning the impact on future APLI-MS applications are given.

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“…Softer ionization modes such as chemical ionization (PCI, NCI) and supersonic molecular beam (cold EI) [15] are available for GC but these options have restrictions with respect to applicability and commercial availability, respectively. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), commonly used in LC-MS/MS, has been described as an alternative source for GC-MS and a way to couple GC to mass spectrometers initially developed for LC-MS [16] and [17].…”

Section: In Gc-ms/ms Electron Ionization (Ei) Is By Far the Most Widmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of gas chromatography–(triple quadrupole) mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization for the determination of multiclass pesticides in fruits and vegetables

Cherta

Portolés

Beltrán

et al. 2013

Journal of Chromatography A

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A multi-residue method for the determination of 142 pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables has been developed using a new atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source for coupling gas chromatography (GC) to tandem mass spectrometry (MS).Selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode has been applied, acquiring three transitions for each compound. In contrast to the extensive fragmentation typically obtained in classical electron ionization (EI), the soft APCI ionization allowed the selection of highly abundant protonated molecules ([M+H] + ) as precursor ions for most compounds. This was favorable for both sensitivity and selectivity. Validation of the method was performed in which both quantitative and qualitative parameters were assessed using orange, tomato and carrot samples spiked at two levels, 0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg. The QuEChERS method was used for sample preparation, followed by a 10-fold dilution of the final acetonitrile extract with a mixture of hexane and acetone. Recovery and precision were satisfactory in the three matrices, at both concentration levels. Very low limits of detection (down 0.01 g/kg for the most sensitive compounds) were achieved. Ion ratios were consistent and identification according to EU criteria was possible in 80% (0.01 mg/kg) to 96% (0.1 mg/kg) of the pesticide/matrix combinations. The method was applied to the analysis of various fruits and vegetables from the Mediterranean region of Spain.

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Development of a multipurpose ion source for LC-MS and GC-API MS

Cited by 80 publications

References 15 publications

Investigating the Trace Polar Species Present in Diesel Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Selective Ionization Techniques

Investigating the Trace Polar Species Present in Diesel Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Selective Ionization Techniques

Evaluation of the Performance of Small Diode Pumped UV Solid State (DPSS) Nd:YAG Lasers as New Radiation Sources for Atmospheric Pressure Laser Ionization Mass Spectrometry (APLI-MS)

Application of gas chromatography–(triple quadrupole) mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization for the determination of multiclass pesticides in fruits and vegetables

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