Development of a Molecularly Imprinted Modified Electrode to Evaluate Phenacetin Based on the Preconcentration of Acetaminophen

Salles, Maiara Oliveira; Araújo, Wanderley Pereira de; Paixão, Thiago R.L.C.

doi:10.5935/0103-5053.20150240

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Cutting agents, such as aminopyrine, procaine, benzocaine, CAF, LID, phenacetin, and PAR are detectable by electrochemical techniques; however, not all cutting agents are electroactive. Some compounds, such as LEV, oxidize at around 2.0 V in electrodes such as boron-doped diamond .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, LEV-containing samples are regularly found near the Colombian border, while phenacetin-containing samples are often found at the border with Peru and Bolivia. 22 Cutting agents, such as aminopyrine, 23 procaine, 24 benzocaine, CAF, LID, phenacetin, 25 and PAR 26 are detectable by electrochemical techniques; however, not all cutting agents are electroactive. Some compounds, such as LEV, oxidize at around 2.0 V in electrodes such as boron-doped diamond.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gold Nanoparticle Paper-Based Dual-Detection Device for Forensics Applications

Ameku

Araújo

Rangel

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Drug trafficking is a major worldwide problem. In this context, cocaine is one of the most commonly used drugs of abuse. In addition, street cocaine is commonly seized adulterated with pharmaceutical compounds, and the composition of the mixture provides a chemical fingerprint that can assist the police in tracking the distribution route of the drug; hence, the development of facile, cost-effective methods for determining the composition of street cocaine is an important objective. Herein we report a simple strategy for the fabrication of paper-based analytical devices (PADs) for the dual electrochemical and surface-enhanced Raman-scattering (SERS) determination of cocaine samples. Accordingly, a 2-μm-thick Au film was prepared by depositing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on office paper with wax-barrier templates to create nanostructured gold tracks that are mainly formed by Au(111) fcc planes as electrodes and SERS transducers. These devices were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The optimized device is simple and inexpensive to prepare and exhibited a Raman-scattering enhancement factor of 3 × 106, a 15-fold superior electroactive area, and a 2.6-fold decrease in charge-transfer resistance when compared with a conventional Au electrode. In addition, these PADs were successfully used in a forensics scenario to screen and analyze a seized street cocaine sample, determine its chemical profile, and to identify simultaneously caffeine, paracetamol, and levamisole adulterants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold Nanoparticle Paper-Based Dual-Detection Device for Forensics Applications

Ameku

Araújo

Rangel

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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“…Several electrochemical sensors have been developed based on MIP to detect caffeine and acetaminophen individually [32,33]. Utilizing natural polymers from renewable materials as functional molecules in the preparation of MIP is an effort to produce low-cost and environmentally friendly sensors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Voltammetric Detection of Acetaminophen and Caffeine Base on Cassava Starch—Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

2019

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The new molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) membrane based on cassava starch—Fe3O4—was developed to detect acetaminophen and caffeine simultaneously with the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method. Cassava starch was reacted with sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) as a crosslinking agent, while acetaminophen and caffeine were added as templates. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the composite were added to increase the sensor’s sensitivity. The experimental results show that the ratio between cassava starch:STPP:acetaminophen/caffeine in the mixture for MIP membranes influences the sensitivity of the sensor obtained. MIP membranes with the best sensitivity is produced at a mixture ratio of 2:2:1. The sensor performance is also affected by the pH of the solution and the type of buffer solution used. The sensor works very well at pH 2 in PB solution. Sensors produced from GCE modified with MIP membrane from cassava starch—Fe3O4 with acetaminophen and caffeine as templates have linear range concentrations, respectively, at 50–2000 µM and 50–900 µM. Sensor sensitivity was 0.5306 A/M against acetaminophen and 0.4314 A/M against caffeine with Limit of Detection (LoD), respectively, 16 and 23 µM. Sensor selectivity and sensitivity are better than those without MIP and can be applied for the determination of the content of acetaminophen in headache medicine, with an accuracy of 96–99% and with Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) 0.9–2.56%.

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“…[29][30][31][32] Recently, the use of different electrochemical methods for the detection of cocaine and its adulterants have been reported. 13,36,37 In order to obtain the required level of specificity and sensitivity, the most common approach has been to utilise modified electrodes. 38 This has included using cytochrome 39 P450, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) 40 , -cyclodextrin incorporated in polyaniline films with CNTs 41 , Schiff base films 42 , carbon paste electrodes modified with methoxy-substituted N-N'ethylenebis(salcylideneiminato)uranyl(VI) complexes and Pt disk electrodes modified with cobal thexacyanoferrate films.…”

Section: Chemical Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of electrochemical sensors: Forensic drug analysis

Shaw

Dennany

2017

Current Opinion in Electrochemistry

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Electrochemical based sensors are a powerful analytical tool which can be exploited by the forensic community particularly for the analysis of illicit substances from street and biological samples. This report presents a brief overview on selected recent publications related to the application of electrochemical sensors to forensic drug analysis and gives opinions on the technical developments as well as the future applications in this field.

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Development of a Molecularly Imprinted Modified Electrode to Evaluate Phenacetin Based on the Preconcentration of Acetaminophen

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Gold Nanoparticle Paper-Based Dual-Detection Device for Forensics Applications

Gold Nanoparticle Paper-Based Dual-Detection Device for Forensics Applications

Simultaneous Voltammetric Detection of Acetaminophen and Caffeine Base on Cassava Starch—Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

Applications of electrochemical sensors: Forensic drug analysis

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