Development of a miniature dielectric barrier discharge–optical emission spectrometric system for bromide and bromate screening in environmental water samples

Battery-Operated Atomic Emission Analyzer for Waterborne Arsenic Based on Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharge Excitation Source

“…Recently, miniaturized plasmas have attracted extensive attention in the pursuit of more compacted instruments because of their small size, reduced gas and power consumption, and relatively low manufacturing cost. − Of particular interest are the low power requirement of microplasmas making possible operation from battery supplies. , To date, several types of microplasma emission sources have been reported, including low-power inductively coupled plasma (ICP), microplasma devices (MPD), , electrolyte cathode glow discharge (ELCAD), , low power capacitively coupled plasma (CCP), microwave-induced plasma (MIP), − microhollow cathode glow discharge (MHCD), , and dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). − The use of microplasmas (e.g., CCP, MIP, MHCD, and DBD) has been predominantly for the determination of analytes in gaseous phase, such as volatile hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, or molecular gases such as SO 2 . Few miniaturized plasma sources have been applied to the analysis of As using chemical vapor generation.…”

Cold excitation and determination of hydrogen sulfide by dielectric barrier discharge molecular emission spectrometry

“…DBD possesses major advantages over other microradiation sources, including simplicity, compactness, stability, low operating temperature and high excitation ability. DBD was first used as a radiation source in a OES system in 2008 [9], and this system has been successfully used to determine mercury [9,10], thimerosal [16], iodine [17], bromide [18], and lead [19]. For these non-volatile elements, vapor generation typically preconcentrates the analytes and eliminates matrix interferences.…”

“…However, selection of the emission line is still difficult because of complex emission spectra arising from ambient air, especially in the 330-450 nm range. The emission lines are typically in the low-violet [9,10] and near-infrared spectral regions [17,18]. DBD-OES can also be used to effectively determine small inorganic gaseous molecules because DBD, which is a low-temperature and high-energy process, can effectively excite the target analytes while avoiding analyte decomposition.…”

Alternating-Current-Driven Microplasma for Multielement Excitation and Determination by Optical-Emission Spectrometry

“…Initially, various gaseous species can be directly introduced into the microplasma for excitation and OES detection . Various species in aqueous media should be volatilized as “pure” and “dry” species for their excitation and detection by the microplasma–OES system, such as with chemical-vapor generation ,,,− or electrothermal vaporization, − in order to avoid concomitant products and residual moisture. Although gaseous introduction avoids the decrease in the excitation capability or even the extinguishing of microplasma resulting from the presence of a large amount of water molecules, the multielement-analysis capability of OES itself has to be highly dependent on the gaseous species produced or the electrothermal-vaporization device.…”