Development of a method for the determination of advanced glycation end products precursors by liquid chromatography and its application in human urine samples

Abstract

A liquid chromatographic method with fluorimetric detection has been developed to determine the most abundant α-dicarbonyl compounds, generated as intermediates in the Maillard's reaction, previous derivatization to high fluorescent pteridinic derivatives. Hence, the biomarkers D-glucosone, 3-deoxyglucosone, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, diacetyl, 2,3-pentanedione, and phenylglyoxal were quantified using a gradient elution mode. The experimental conditions of the derivatization reaction and mobile phase composition were optimized. Linearity ranges (peak area versus α-dicarbonyl compound concentration) from 1.0 to 100.0 ng mL(-1) were obtained. Detection limits were comprised between 0.3 and 11.0 ng mL(-1). The high sensitivity of the method allows the determination of α-dicarbonyl compounds present in human urine, such as D-glucosone, 3-deoxyglucosone, glyoxal, and methylglyoxal, that are used as biomarkers, in order to investigate their roles in several diseases, with special emphasis in diabetes mellitus. With the aim of avoiding the interferences due to pteridinic compounds present in urine, a cleanup step with an ISOLUTE ENV+ cartridge was carried out. The concentrations of these urinary biomarkers have been reported as a normalized ratio to urinary creatinine, and determined in healthy and in diabetic volunteers, of different ages and sex. In all urine samples, standard addition and external calibration procedures were applied and compared.

A facile low-cost enzymatic paper-based assay for the determination of urine creatinine

“…Abnormal levels of creatinine in serum or urine indicate impaired kidney function, 3 and creatinine has been accepted as a marker for monitoring the impact of treatment in haemodialysis patients [2]. Moreover, urinary creatinine concentration is widely used as an index for urine dilution [3] and as an internal standard for normalising the ratios of other urinary biomarkers, such as microalbumin [4], protein [5], cystatin-c [6], α-dicarbonyl compounds [7], and bisphenol A (BPA) [8].…”

Inorganic–organic hybrid coating material for the online in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction of monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urine

“…At present, urinary monitoring has become an increasingly relevant tool for evaluating human exposure to PAHs . However, challenges remain because of the low concentrations of these compounds excreted in urine, the possibility of contamination and loss of the analytes.…”

Determination of the polyphenolic content of Ammodaucus leucotrichus Cosson and Durieu by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and evaluation of the antioxidant and antiglycation properties

“…Interestingly, some studies have recently been focused on the antiglycation activity of plant extracts [9,10]. Glycoxidation is a toxic complicated reaction that undergoes a binding process between aldehydes such as methylglyoxal (MG) free or protein-bound, which induces free radicals and other reactive intermediates (e.g., H 2 O 2 and other peroxides), and as a consequence contributes to advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation [11,12]. Clinical results showed that the accumulation of AGEs may be reduced by the consumption of natural bioactive compounds with the antioxidant ability [9].…”