Development of a Liquid Cooled Battery Module

Abstract

This paper describes the development of a liquid cooling system of battery module with lithium-ion prismatic metal can battery cells that can be used in hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). Initially, a design concept of a liquid cooled battery module is selected based on the functional requirements associated with maximum battery cell temperature rise, temperature uniformity across the battery module, temperature uniformity within each individual lithium-ion prismatic battery cell, and total pressure loss of the liquid cooling system. A three-dimensional battery module thermal model and an analytical optimization approach are developed for selected design concept of the liquid cooled battery module. Finally, by performing analytical optimization study to examine the effects of geometries of the inlet duct, manifold, and the outlet duct on battery module thermal behavior and total pressure loss of cooling system, the optimal design concept of liquid-cooled battery module is identified to maximize its durability and driving range.

The Impact of Environmental Factors on the Thermal Characteristic of a Lithium–ion Battery

“…Interior design improvements in heat removal are reported for electrode and stack modification with the focus on the minimizing of internal resistance contributions, enhancing thermal conductivity on a material level [32], or within the stack arrangement [33], as well as the customizing of the battery tap [34][35][36] and the terminal layout [37]. Exterior design cooling types in general embrace air [38][39][40], liquid [41,42], heat pipe [3,43], phase change material (PCM) [44,45] or hybrids [18,46] with a focus on multiple cell arrangements and interconnects under the influence of system application and management.…”

Thermally Durable Lithium‐Ion Capacitors with High Energy Density from All Hydroxyapatite Nanowire‐Enabled Fire‐Resistant Electrodes and Separators

“…[7,9] Previous efforts have been made to improve the heat dissipation rate through outside cooling apparatus. [62][63][64] Nevertheless, these extra cooling materials or devices will discount the efficiency of the energy storage devices. Developing functional components (electrodes, separator, and electrolyte) with intrinsically high tolerance to heat or fire not only provides an ideal approach to guarantee high safety without sacrificing the energy efficiency but also expands the operating temperature limits of energy storage devices.…”

“…Therefore, the high thermal stability of all parts of the device should be completely guaranteed for high battery safety . Previous efforts have been made to improve the heat dissipation rate through outside cooling apparatus . Nevertheless, these extra cooling materials or devices will discount the efficiency of the energy storage devices.…”

Design and management of lithium-ion batteries: A perspective from modeling, simulation, and optimization*

“…An air cooling strategy for battery pack was developed by Sun et al [149] based on a 3D battery module thermal model, in which each cell was simulated using an ECM-3D thermal coupled model. The similar model was also used to develop a liquid cooling system for a battery module, [150] moreover, an analytical optimization approach was developed for the identification of optimal design concept. Zhao et al [151] studied the effects of different cooling strategies on the temperature rise and gradient of a pouch cell using a 2D ECM-2D thermal coupled model, in which both surface and tab cooling strategies were compared.…”

“…Parametric study [149] Optimization [150] The application of more accurate battery model is expected to increase the effectiveness and reliability of the battery pack design. However, the introduction of accurate battery would significantly increase the model complexity on the pack scale and consequently might result in very high simula-tion computational cost, especially combined with optimization algorithms.…”