Development of a Lightweight Centralized Authentication Mechanism for the Internet of Things Driven by Fog

Abstract

The rapid development of technology has made the Internet of Things an integral element of modern society. Modern Internet of Things’ implementations often use Fog computing, an offshoot of the Cloud computing that offers localized processing power at the network’s periphery. The Internet of Things serves as the inspiration for the decentralized solution known as Fog computing. Features such as distributed computing, low latency, location awareness, on-premise installation, and support for heterogeneous hardware are all facilitated by Fog computing. End-to-end security in the Internet of Things is challenging due to the wide variety of use cases and the disparate resource availability of participating entities. Due to their limited resources, it is out of the question to use complex cryptographic algorithms for this class of devices. All Internet of Things devices, even those connected to servers online, have constrained resources such as power and processing speed, so they would rather not deal with strict security measures. This paper initially examines distributed Fog computing and creates a new authentication framework to support the Internet of Things environment. The following authentication architecture is recommended for various Internet of Things applications, such as healthcare systems, transportation systems, smart buildings, smart energy, etc. The total effectiveness of the method is measured by considering factors such as the cost of communication and the storage overhead incurred by the offered integrated authentication protocol. It has been proven that the proposed technique will reduce communication costs by at least 11%.

Exploring Authentication Paradigms in the Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Scoping Review

“…Cloud and Fog: In this domain, researchers [10,15,[40][41][42], collaboratively contribute 8%, highlighting the pivotal role of identity verification for securing access to both cloud services and fog computing nodes. The common objectives underscore the imperative for robust authentication mechanisms in these distributed environments.…”

“…In general, authentication processes in IoT are challenged by the need for security in information sharing and data transmission [6,28,68], wireless communication [49,51,56,57,62], proximity-based authentication [36], false-positive identification [13], or service operations [38]. Another similar aspect is the ability to resist/detection of evolving cyberattacks [14,15,28,37,41,47,52,53,57,65,66,68], leading to the adoption of fog computing that compliments the needs of IoT [40,72]. From the cybersecurity research perspective, the problem with group key distribution or multiowned devices from an industrial capacity was prevalent [9,16,26,29,31,44,73], as well as an identity-based authentication protocol for IoT [43,60,70,74].…”

“…Another noteworthy cluster focuses on privacy-preserving techniques, with specific contributions not explicitly mentioned in the provided text. In efficient encryption, Gupta's [41] proposal introduces an IoT device-specific, unique identity-based authentication method that utilizes lightweight procedures for identity-based encryption and is capable of detecting Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. The cluster related to blockchain integration features Lansky's [40] work, presenting a lightweight centralized authentication mechanism for IoT driven by Fog computing.…”

“…Security and Reliability 41 [7,8,10,11,13,14,[26][27][28][29][30][31][33][34][35]37,39,[41][42][43][44][48][49][50]53,54,56,57,62,63,[65][66][67][68][69][73][74][75][76]78,79] Performance Efficiency 31 [6,7,10,26,27,29,30,[33][34][35][36]…”

Blockchain-Based Multistage Continuous Authentication for Smart Devices

“…This framework uses an encrypted biometric identification approach and can satisfy a variety of security features such as replay attacks, user anonymity, and man-in-the-middle attacks. However, these common IoTs authentication schemes are mainly based on a centralized system [42][43][44]. That is, a trusted centralized server is used to provide authentication services for IoTs devices.…”