Development of a detector for bunch by bunch measurement and optimization of luminosity in the LHC

Turner, W.C.; Burks, M.; Datte, P.; Manfredi, P. F.; Millaud, J.; Mokhov, N.; Placidi, M.; Ratti, L.; Re, V.; Schmickler, H.; Speziali, V.

doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(00)01182-7

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4] The TAN and TAS absorbers have also been described previously. [3] It is proposed to instrument the neutral particle and front quadrupole absorbers with fast, low noise detectors that sample the energy deposited in the showers produced by the interaction products from the IP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A pressurized, segmented, multi-gap gas ionization chamber coupled with a radiation hard cable to a low noise, cold termination bipolar transistor preamplifier and pulse shaper have been chosen to meet the constraints imposed by radiation, bandwidth and signal to noise ratio. [2,4] The proposed system provides a fast relative luminosity monitor that can be periodically calibrated either by simultaneous measurement of the beam emittance and bunch intensity or against another absolute measurement of luminosity. The advantages of the proposed technique are that it is fast and it is technologically relatively simple to implement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Initial test results of an ionization chamber shower detector for a LHC luminosity monitor

Datte

Beche

Haguenauer

et al. 2003

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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Abstract-A novel segmented, multi-gap, pressurized gas ionization chamber is being developed for optimization of the luminosity of the LHC. The ionization chambers are to be installed in the front quadrupole and zero degree neutral particle absorbers in the high luminosity IRs and sample the energy deposited near the maxima of the hadronic/electromagnetic showers in these absorbers. The ionization chambers are instrumented with low noise, fast, pulse shaping electronics to be capable of resolving individual bunch crossings at 40MHz. In this paper we report the initial results of our second test of this instrumentation in an SPS external proton beam. Single 300GeV protons are used to simulate the hadronic/electromagnetic showers produced by the forward collision products from the interaction regions of the LHC. The capability of instrumentation to measure the luminosity of individual bunches in a 40MHz bunch train is demonstrated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial test results of an ionization chamber shower detector for a LHC luminosity monitor

Datte

Beche

Haguenauer

et al. 2003

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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“…On one side LBNL, in the framework of the US-LARP collaboration [4], is developing four fast ionization chambers (IC) to be installed inside the TANs around IP1 and IP5 . On the other side CERN will install solid state (CdTe) detectors [5][6] developed by CEA-LETI [7] around the other two points; IP2 and IP8.…”

Section: The Monitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is composed of 4 independent square quadrants in order to measure the centre of gravity of the impinging neutral flux, this will allow the calculation of the crossing angle at the IP (angle between the two beams). Each quadrant has 6 gaps connected in parallel with a gap width of 1mm [4]. …”

Section: Fast Ionization Chambersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collision rate monitors for LHC

Bravin

Bürger

Dutriat

et al. 2007

2007 IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference (PAC)

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Collision rate monitors are essential in bringing particle beams into collision and optimizing the performances of a collider. In the case of LHC the relative luminosity will be monitored by measuring the flux of small angle neutral particles produced in the collisions. Due to the very different luminosity levels at the four interaction regions (IR) of LHC two different types of monitors have been developed. At the high luminosity IR (ATLAS and CMS) fast ionization chambers will be installed while at the other two (ALICE and LHC-b) solid state polycrystalline Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) detectors will be used. The ionization chambers are being developed by LBNL while the CdTe monitors are being developed by CERN and CEA-LETI. Large Hadron Collider Project AbstractCollision rate monitors are essential in bringing particle beams into collision and optimizing the performances of a collider. In the case of LHC the relative luminosity will be monitored by measuring the flux of small angle neutral particles produced in the collisions. Due to the very different luminosity levels at the four interaction regions (IR) of LHC two different types of monitors have been developed. At the high luminosity IR (ATLAS and CMS) fast ionization chambers will be installed while at the other two (ALICE and LHC-b) solid state polycrystalline Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) detectors will be used. The ionization chambers are being developed by LBNL while the CdTe monitors are being developed by CERN and CEA-LETI.

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“…Earlier, a similar concept was suggested for the SSC [3]. The BRAN detectors are fast ionization chambers designed to monitor the relative luminosity at LHC at the interaction regions IR1 (ATLAS Experiment) and IR5 (CMS Experiment) by sampling the shower energy produced by forward neutrons and photons from p-p, p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions [4][5][6][7][8][9]. This paper describes the design criteria and fabrication of the BRAN, and documents comparisons between simulated and actual BRAN performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The BRAN luminosity detectors for the LHC

Placidi

Ratti

Turner

et al. 2017

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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A B S T R A C TThis paper describes the several phases which led, from the conceptual design, prototyping, construction and tests with beam, to the installation and operation of the BRAN (Beam RAte of Neutrals) relative luminosity monitors for the LHC. The detectors have been operating since 2009 to contribute, optimize and maintain the accelerator performance in the two high luminosity interaction regions (IR), the IR1 (ATLAS) and the IR5 (CMS). The devices are gas ionization chambers installed inside a neutral particle absorber 140 m away from the Interaction Points in IR1 and IR5 and monitor the energy deposited by electromagnetic showers produced by high-energy neutral particles from the collisions. The detectors have the capability to resolve the bunch-bybunch luminosity at the 40 MHz bunch rate, as well as to survive the extreme level of radiation during the nominal LHC operation. The devices have operated since the early commissioning phase of the accelerator over a broad range of luminosities reaching 1.4×10 34 cm −2 s −1 with a peak pileup of 45 events per bunch crossing. Even though the nominal design luminosity of the LHC has been exceeded, the BRAN is operating well.After describing how the BRAN can be used to monitor the luminosity of the collider, we discuss the technical choices that led to its construction and the different tests performed prior to the installation in two IRs of the LHC. Performance simulations are presented together with operational results obtained during p-p operations, including runs at 40 MHz bunch rate, Pb-Pb operations and p-Pb operations.

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Development of a detector for bunch by bunch measurement and optimization of luminosity in the LHC

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

Initial test results of an ionization chamber shower detector for a LHC luminosity monitor

Initial test results of an ionization chamber shower detector for a LHC luminosity monitor

Collision rate monitors for LHC

The BRAN luminosity detectors for the LHC

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