Initial test results of an ionization chamber shower detector for a LHC luminosity monitor

Datte, P.; Beche, J.-F.; Haguenauer, M.; Manfredi, P. F.; Manghisoni, M.; Millaud, J.; Placidi, M.; Ratti, L.; Riot, Vincent; Schmickler, H.; Speziali, V.; Traversi, G.; Turner, W.C.

doi:10.1109/tns.2003.809473

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Among the possible explanations for this feature are unexpected particle production in front of the detector such as particle collisions with the beam pipe, a longer distance between the end of the beam pipe and the detector or other systematic features which were not taken into account for in the simulation. Experimental and simulated data also agree well with the data taken at a previous test [5] performed at the SPS with 300GeV beam energy and a slightly different detector design. However, scaling the result of 4.4mV up to 350GeV one would expect the signal at shower maximum around 5.1mV.…”

Section: A Absorber Scan At the Spssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…This corresponds to an energy deposition of 4.7MeV in the gas layers. The table of shower particles from the previous test in [5] was also reproduced. As it can be seen in Table III the simulation predicts a slightly smaller value of the mean energy per particle per proton but the total energy for each particle type is well reproduced.…”

Section: A Absorber Scan At the Spsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The luminosity monitoring system for the LHC: Modeling and test results

Ratti

Beche

Byrd

et al. 2009

2009 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (NSS/MIC)

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Abstract-Simulation results of the Beam Rate of Neutrals (BRAN) luminosity detector for the CERN Large Hadron Collider are presented. The detectors are intended to measure the bunch-by-bunch relative luminosity at the ATLAS and CMS experiments. Building up from experimental results from test runs at the SPS, RHIC and ALS we extend the simulated setup to the TAN neutral absorbers located at 140 m at both sides the IP1 and IP5 interaction points. The expected signal amplitudes are calculated for pp-collisions energies between 450 GeV and 7 TeV using the Monte Carlo package FLUKA and its graphical user interface FLAIR.

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Section: A Absorber Scan At the Spssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: A Absorber Scan At the Spsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The luminosity monitoring system for the LHC: Modeling and test results

Ratti

Beche

Byrd

et al. 2009

2009 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (NSS/MIC)

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“…Most samples show a decrease of light output to 40% of the pre-irradiation value at the maximum absorbed dose of 30 kGy. There was no significant difference in the effects of irradiation measured by UV light or by the 12 C beam. Irradiation of the fiber light-guide showed a small decrease of light transmission for the wavelength of 490 nm because of the decrease in transparency due to irradiation.…”

Section: Results Of Radiation Damage Testsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…The final integrated dose was 30 kGy with a beam intensity of 10 8 particles s −1 cm −2 . The degradation of scintillator light outputs were evaluated by measuring the signal for the weak 12 C beam itself and for UV light (350 nm) from a filtered Xe flash lamp (Hamamatsu L4633-01). Different irradiation rates (3×10 4 Gy/h, 8×10 4 Gy/h and increasing rate from 2×10 0 to 8×10 4 Gy/h) were compared.…”

Section: Results Of Radiation Damage Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The LHCf detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

et al. 2008

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LHCf is an experiment dedicated to the measurement of neutral particles emitted in the very forward region of LHC collisions. The physics goal is to provide data for calibrating the hadron interaction models that are used in the study of Extremely High-Energy Cosmic-Rays. This is possible since the laboratory equivalent collision energy of LHC is 10 17 eV. Two LHCf detectors, consisting of imaging calorimeters made of tungsten plates, plastic scintillator and position sensitive sensors, are installed at zero degree collision angle ±140 m from an interaction point (IP). Although the lateral dimensions of these calorimeters are very compact, ranging from 20 mm×20 mm to 40 mm×40 mm, the energy resolution is expected to be better than 6% and the position resolution better than 0.2 mm for γ-rays with energy from 100 GeV to 7 TeV. This has been confirmed by test beam results at the CERN SPS. These calorimeters can measure particles emitted in the pseudo rapidity range η>8.4. Detectors, data acquisition and electronics are optimized to operate during the early phase of the LHC commissioning with luminosity below 10 30 cm −2 s −1 . LHCf is expected to obtain data to compare with the major hadron interaction models within a week or so of operation at luminosity ∼ 10 29 cm −2 s −1 . After ∼10 days of operation at luminosity ∼10 29 cm −2 s −1 , the light output of the plastic scintillators is expected to degrade by ∼10% due to radiation damage. This degradation will be monitored and corrected for using calibration pulses from a laser.

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“…Earlier, a similar concept was suggested for the SSC [3]. The BRAN detectors are fast ionization chambers designed to monitor the relative luminosity at LHC at the interaction regions IR1 (ATLAS Experiment) and IR5 (CMS Experiment) by sampling the shower energy produced by forward neutrons and photons from p-p, p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions [4][5][6][7][8][9]. This paper describes the design criteria and fabrication of the BRAN, and documents comparisons between simulated and actual BRAN performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The BRAN luminosity detectors for the LHC

Placidi

Ratti

Turner

et al. 2017

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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A B S T R A C TThis paper describes the several phases which led, from the conceptual design, prototyping, construction and tests with beam, to the installation and operation of the BRAN (Beam RAte of Neutrals) relative luminosity monitors for the LHC. The detectors have been operating since 2009 to contribute, optimize and maintain the accelerator performance in the two high luminosity interaction regions (IR), the IR1 (ATLAS) and the IR5 (CMS). The devices are gas ionization chambers installed inside a neutral particle absorber 140 m away from the Interaction Points in IR1 and IR5 and monitor the energy deposited by electromagnetic showers produced by high-energy neutral particles from the collisions. The detectors have the capability to resolve the bunch-bybunch luminosity at the 40 MHz bunch rate, as well as to survive the extreme level of radiation during the nominal LHC operation. The devices have operated since the early commissioning phase of the accelerator over a broad range of luminosities reaching 1.4×10 34 cm −2 s −1 with a peak pileup of 45 events per bunch crossing. Even though the nominal design luminosity of the LHC has been exceeded, the BRAN is operating well.After describing how the BRAN can be used to monitor the luminosity of the collider, we discuss the technical choices that led to its construction and the different tests performed prior to the installation in two IRs of the LHC. Performance simulations are presented together with operational results obtained during p-p operations, including runs at 40 MHz bunch rate, Pb-Pb operations and p-Pb operations.

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Initial test results of an ionization chamber shower detector for a LHC luminosity monitor

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

The luminosity monitoring system for the LHC: Modeling and test results

The luminosity monitoring system for the LHC: Modeling and test results

The LHCf detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

The BRAN luminosity detectors for the LHC

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