Abstract:-The objective of this study was to develop a model for calculation and analysis of production costs of lamb and, from that, to elaborate a production cost index. Panel meetings were held in five regions of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, to define technical features of representative properties of lamb production, taken as a basis for the preparation of the cost calculation model. Then the model for production cost calculation was built. The third step consisted of monitoring prices of inputs used, calculatin… Show more
“…The significant tax contribution on sheep production in this study is in accordance with the findings of Raineri et al (2015b), Sorio & Rasi (2010) and Souza et al (2008). These authors stated that informality is present in the production, slaughter, marketing and carcass processing of Brazilian sheep, in which 55% of farmers perform the slaughter and marketing on their own farms, both because of the possibility of achieving higher sales figures and evading taxes.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 93%
“…Health protection programmes are sometimes understood as extra costs related to sheep production; however, an increase in lamb deaths can lead to higher losses (Demirhan, 2019). In a study carried out on representative commercial farms with respect to meat lamb production, Raineri et al (2015b) noted the use of anthelmintics as one of the factors that least impacted the production costs of sheep farming, which is in agreement with our findings. It is believed that submodels, which can add information on genetic selection by resistant animals, can be more sensitive to the effects of age and differences in pasture management; therefore, the impact of the health variable could be refined, its behaviour better understood and its analysis improved.…”
A hybrid stochastic model was developed including discrete events and agent-based simulations in order to identify the productive parameters and management criteria that most affect meat sheep production. A sheep herd on a pasture termination system, without weaning and with natural mating, was outlined. In order to devise this herd, a pre-existing database from between 1999 and 2013 was used. This conceptual model included the flushing, mating, gestation, lactation, termination and maintenance phases. Health, feeding and management criteria were also considered and recommended. Simulation scenarios were built which were later evaluated by regression analysis. The net operational margin was between R$ 11 741.80 and R$ 21 389.80, and an average of R$ 14 412.14 ± R$ 3 873.02 for different scenarios. Food costs had the greatest impact (25.4%) in relation to operating costs, while health costs were the lowest (1.3%). The abortion rate showed a higher linear response in contrast to the birth rate and the net operating margin, upon analysing ewe productivity parameters. However, neonatal mortality showed the greatest impact on net profit and on general lamb mortality. Carrying out economic analyses within the livestock sector can make a difference within such a competitive market, where prices are not controlled, only costs. The use of discrete event and agent-based simulation methodologies allowed for the assessment of different approaches to sheep production. The present study demonstrated the tool’s potential within the scope of meat sheep production, but this model can act as a guideline for other animal production systems.
“…The significant tax contribution on sheep production in this study is in accordance with the findings of Raineri et al (2015b), Sorio & Rasi (2010) and Souza et al (2008). These authors stated that informality is present in the production, slaughter, marketing and carcass processing of Brazilian sheep, in which 55% of farmers perform the slaughter and marketing on their own farms, both because of the possibility of achieving higher sales figures and evading taxes.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 93%
“…Health protection programmes are sometimes understood as extra costs related to sheep production; however, an increase in lamb deaths can lead to higher losses (Demirhan, 2019). In a study carried out on representative commercial farms with respect to meat lamb production, Raineri et al (2015b) noted the use of anthelmintics as one of the factors that least impacted the production costs of sheep farming, which is in agreement with our findings. It is believed that submodels, which can add information on genetic selection by resistant animals, can be more sensitive to the effects of age and differences in pasture management; therefore, the impact of the health variable could be refined, its behaviour better understood and its analysis improved.…”
A hybrid stochastic model was developed including discrete events and agent-based simulations in order to identify the productive parameters and management criteria that most affect meat sheep production. A sheep herd on a pasture termination system, without weaning and with natural mating, was outlined. In order to devise this herd, a pre-existing database from between 1999 and 2013 was used. This conceptual model included the flushing, mating, gestation, lactation, termination and maintenance phases. Health, feeding and management criteria were also considered and recommended. Simulation scenarios were built which were later evaluated by regression analysis. The net operational margin was between R$ 11 741.80 and R$ 21 389.80, and an average of R$ 14 412.14 ± R$ 3 873.02 for different scenarios. Food costs had the greatest impact (25.4%) in relation to operating costs, while health costs were the lowest (1.3%). The abortion rate showed a higher linear response in contrast to the birth rate and the net operating margin, upon analysing ewe productivity parameters. However, neonatal mortality showed the greatest impact on net profit and on general lamb mortality. Carrying out economic analyses within the livestock sector can make a difference within such a competitive market, where prices are not controlled, only costs. The use of discrete event and agent-based simulation methodologies allowed for the assessment of different approaches to sheep production. The present study demonstrated the tool’s potential within the scope of meat sheep production, but this model can act as a guideline for other animal production systems.
“…The Microsoft Excel ® software was used as a calculation tool. The cost allocation scheme was based on the Economic Theory and on a study performed by Raineri et al (2015a); however, cost method adaptations had to be made.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Confederação da Agricultura e Pecuária do Brasil -have monitored costs on a regular basis and have developed a cost index for extensive beef cattle production (CEPEA and CNA, 2017). The Milk Cattle branch of Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) calculated the Milk Production Cost Index (Carneiro et al, 2010); Raineri et al (2015a) developed the Lamb Production Cost Index for the state of São Paulo; in addition, EMBRAPA developed the Swine and Poultry Production Cost Indexes (Girotto and Santos Filho, 2000;Miele et al, 2010). Despite the relevance of this issue, the calculation and monitoring of costs have not been properly discussed in feedlot cattle studies.…”
The objective of this study was to develop a feedlot beef cattle calculation model and production cost analysis and, from the results obtained, devise a production cost index. A case study was conducted to understand the characteristics of the productive processes of a commercial feedlot. Then, based on the Economic Theory, cost items of the farm under analysis were identified and transferred to a spreadsheet. The survey included ten feedlot farmers from the state of São Paulo and other nine from the state of Goiás and was carried out to determine representative properties, and prices of items used were monitored. Production costs of each farm were calculated, and theoretical concepts of index numbers were used to devise the feedlot cattle production cost index. The cost allocation scheme was divided into four cost groups: variable, semi-fixed, fixed, and production remuneration factors. The developed model allowed a cost prognosis of the analyzed systems. Highest total costs for São Paulo State feedlots were R$ 9.17 kg −1 and R$ 9.08 kg −1 for average-sized and large farms, respectively, as contrasted to that of Goiás, of R$ 8.29 kg −1. Between the months April and June, the cost of production for feedlot beef cattle showed reductions of 1.48 and 1.40% for the average and large feedlots in the State of São Paulo and 9.13% for the Goiás feedlot by the Konüs Exact Index, respectively. Studies available in literature were compared and it was concluded that the model can help feedlot cattle farmers take production decisions. The Konüs Index allows for a methodological advancement in relation to other studies carried out on the Brazilian livestock industry; besides, it can contribute to the sector organization.
“…The research had an exploratory character and for the estimation costs of production and biosecurity measures, data were obtained in ten voluntary establishments between June and July, 2013. The methodology adopted was the lamb costs calculation proposed by Raineri et al (2015) in which the basis for the costs allocation scheme was the Economic Theory and different methods used in agriculture. Thus, in economic terms, cost components were grouped into the categories of variable, fixed, total and operational cost.…”
SUMMARY The objective of this study was to estimate costs for egg production and for implementation of biosecurity measures described by Normative Instructions No. 56/2007, No. 59/2009, No. 36/2012 and No. 10/2013 on production costs in these establishments. To attend the “National Avian Health Program” and the “National Plan for the Prevention of Avian Influenza and Control and Prevention of Newcastle Disease”, the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture published a series of legal acts to establish the “Procedures for Register, Inspection and Control of Breeding and Commercial Avian Establishments” intensifying the measures for prevention of high economic impact illnesses in avian flocks of the country. The adaptations comprise items of structure and biosecurity procedures that aim to increase the level of isolation of the birds to maintain them with the best health status as possible. These adaptations can result in more expenses and dedication from the producers. Thus, production costs were obtained through personal interviews with 10 voluntary commercial farmers of laying hens in Limeira region, Sao Paulo State, Brazil, between June and July, 2013. The result of this study suggests that the implementation of biosecurity measures has relatively low costs when compared to the possible risks of diseases outbreaks and the consequent economic losses that justify the adoption of these practices.
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