Development of a Bike-Sharing System Based on Pedal-Assisted Electric Bicycles for Bogota City

Abstract

The lack of sustainable solutions to mobility and transportation is a major problem in Latin American cities and requires prompt solutions. The main issues in Latin America are the high-cost of solutions, no inclusion of renewable energies, poor energy management, the use of foreign systems not adapted to local contexts, ineffective regional legislation and politics, among others. In this paper the main technical issues concerning the implementation of a bike-sharing system using pedaling-assisted (PAS) electric bicycles for Bogota City are discussed and a solution is proposed. To solve such problems, a methodology to design a tailored solution well suited to Bogota citizen’s needs is developed. Such methodology starts with the development of an on-board-computer (OBC) in order to characterize bike-users by collecting a rider’s data in real-time. Furthermore, the proposed solution develops a low-cost middle-drive (mid-drive) propulsion system for the PAS in the electric bike using brushless-DC (BLDC) motors and by implementing a field-oriented controller (FOC). The reported bike-sharing system also includes the development and implementation of two charging-stations that enable charging the battery on the electric bikes exclusively by using photovoltaic energy. Experimental results are presented and discussed.

Selected Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnostic Methods in Wheel Embedded Permanent Magnet Brushless Direct Current Motors

“…The arrows visible in Figure 8, mark frequencies determined as per dependencies (2-5), (1). According to the Figure 9 legend, colourful arrows mark frequencies which are the fault symptoms of particular elements.…”

“…According to the Figure 9 legend, colourful arrows mark frequencies which are the fault symptoms of particular elements. The arrows visible in Figure 8, mark frequencies determined as per dependencies (2)(3)(4)(5), (1). According to the Figure 9 legend, colourful arrows mark frequencies which are the fault symptoms of particular elements.…”

“…The permanent magnet brushless direct current motor (PM BLDC), due to its advantages (high efficiency, high power factor, very good power to volume ratio, low maintenance requirements), is increasingly used in various industrial drives and a large number of electrically-propelled or electrically supported vehicles. This extensive range of applications is influenced by the values of exploitation parameters, such as multi-fold torque overload capacity, low moment of inertia, increased general efficiency, and a wide range of rotational speed regulation [1,2]. However, despite these considerable advantages, during exploitation, PM BLDC motors are fault-prone due to the occurrence of various damages [3][4][5]:…”

“…Electric vehicles with PM BLDC motors are currently being intensively developed in a wide power range: from about 100 W (e.g., in wheelchair gearless drives), through constructions with continuous power of 250 W (motor-supported bicycles, electric scooters), to motors with a power in the order of a few kilowatts (electric scooters, small vehicles) [1]. Complete drive systems with PM BLDC motors with an electronic commutator are a relatively new solution on a highly dispersed and differentiated market.…”

“…Amplitude spectrum of vibration acceleration for axis X-FFT{HILB(x)} method, bearings No [1][2][3][4]. …”