Development of a 3D dynamic flood web GIS visualisation tool

Abstract

Low elevation coastal areas are vulnerable to the effects of sea level rise and to an increase in the frequency and severity of storm surge events due to climate change.Coastal urban areas are at risk because coastal flooding causes extensive damage to energy and transportation infrastructure, disruptions to the delivery of services, devastating tolls on the public's health and,occasionally, significant loss of life. Although scientists widely stress the compelling need to mitigate and adapt to climate change, public awareness lags behind. Because WebGIS maps (web-based geographic information systems) quickly convey strong messages, condense complex information, engage people on issues of environmental change, and motivate personal actions, this paper focuses on searching the ideal flood assessment WebGIS method to encourage people to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Surveys demonstrated that 3D visualisations have an enormous added value because they are more vivid and therefore more understandable and make it easier to imagine the consequences of a flood than2D visualisations. In this research, the WebGIS will be created using Ol3-Cesium and openlayers to visualise a flood event by dynamic layers in a 2D/3D environment.

Visualization of Flooding Using Adaptive Spatial Resolution

“…2D visualization of flooding utilizing adaptive spatial resolution is useful for multiple reasons. Firstly, earlier works of [21,24] provide insight about the benefits of utilizing 2D visualization alongside 3D as they underline that 2D representation is more maintainable and human-readable and therefore, it helps alleviate some of the complexities of 3D simulations. Moreover, through utilization of quadtrees and implementing the mechanism for the system to decide on which representation to choose, efficiency, as well as detail on demand are provided.…”

“…2D and 3D models have been used for storm surge flood routing visualization [13], risk estimation [14], flood modeling and analysis [12,15,16], rainfall forecasting [17], landslide simulation [18] and to visualize many other scenarios. Recent works show a move from static visualization to dynamic visualization [19][20][21], to provide more interactive and accessible simulation tools to incorporate virtual environments and dynamic simulation parameters. As depth, or water level, is a significant parameter to estimate risk and damage, it is vital to be able to track the water flow while computing and visualizing water levels [22,23].…”

“…As depth, or water level, is a significant parameter to estimate risk and damage, it is vital to be able to track the water flow while computing and visualizing water levels [22,23]. Nevertheless, 3D representation may distort or complicate human-readability of the study area and therefore, it might be significant to provide 2D representation of flooding alongside 3D information [21]. 3D simulation methods can still be utilized in 2D visualization of the environment to describe flooding [24].…”

“…3D simulation methods can still be utilized in 2D visualization of the environment to describe flooding [24]. Although 3D representation may carry more in terms of data and offer better compression [21], 2D representation can provide better performance [11] as less data is considered.…”

Interactive Visualization of Flood and Heavy Rain Simulations

“…Often, the water visualization should not only be recognizable [KC14], but should also convey important characteristics such as depth, flow direction, or flow speed. This holds for engineering simulation tools [TUF,Riv,MIK], flood management decision support systems [Flo,Vis,LKT∗17], and public communication [You,CKS∗15,VGB∗16]. Currently, the most popular ways to represent such properties are color mapping and glyphs.…”