Uncertainties in flood predictions complicate the planning of mitigation measures. There is a consensus that many possible incident scenarios should be considered. For each scenario, a specific response plan should be prepared which is optimal with respect to criteria such as protection, costs, or realization time. None of the existing software tools is capable of creating large scenario pools, nor do they provide means for quick exploration and assessment of the associated plans. In this paper, we present an integrated solution that is based on multidimensional, time‐dependent ensemble simulations of incident scenarios and protective measures. We provide scalable interfaces which facilitate and accelerate setting up multiple time‐varying parameters for generating a pool of pre‐cooked scenarios. In case of an emergency, disaster managers can quickly extract relevant information from the pool to deal with the situation at hand. An interactive 3D‐view conveys details about how a response plan has to be executed. Linked information visualization and ranking views allow for a quick assessment of many plans. In collaboration with flood managers, we demonstrate the practical applicability of our solution. We tackle the challenges of planning mobile water barriers for protecting important infrastructure. We account for real‐world limitations of available resources and handle the involved logistics problems.
SUMMARYWe propose a new two‐dimensional numerical scheme to solve the Saint‐Venant system of shallow water equations in the presence of partially flooded cells. Our method is well balanced, positivity preserving, and handles dry states. The latter is ensured by using the draining time step technique in the time integration process, which guarantees non‐negative water depths. Unlike previous schemes, our technique does not generate high velocities at the dry/wet boundaries, which are responsible for small time step sizes and slow simulation runs. We prove that the new scheme preserves ‘lake at rest’ steady states and guarantees the positivity of the computed fluid depth in the partially flooded cells. We test the new scheme, along with another recent scheme from the literature, against the analytical solution for a parabolic basin and show the improved simulation performance of the new scheme for two real‐world scenarios. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two-dimensional shallow-water schemes on Cartesian grids are amendable for graphics processing units and thus a convenient choice for fast flood simulations. A comparison of recent schemes and validation of important use cases is essential for developers and practitioners working with flood simulation tools. In this paper, we discuss three state-of-the-art shallow-water schemes: a first-order upwind scheme, a second-order upwind scheme, and a second-order central-upwind scheme. We analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each scheme on historical Danube river floods at three regions in Austria. We study the Lobau region as a floodplain with several small channels, the Wachau region with the meandering Danube in a steep valley, and the Marchfeld region located at the river confluence of March and Danube. The validation case studies show that the second-order schemes provide better estimates of the water levels than the first-order scheme. Still, the first order scheme is useful because it offers fast simulations and reasonable results at higher resolutions. The best trade-off between accuracy and computational effort for simulating river floods is provided by the second-order upwind scheme. individual papers. This paper is part of the Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, © ASCE, ISSN 0733-9429. © ASCE 05019005-1 J. Hydraul. Eng. J. Hydraul. Eng., 2020, 146(1): 05019005 Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by 44.224.250.200 on 07/04/20. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved. © ASCE 05019005-2 J. Hydraul. Eng. J. Hydraul. Eng., 2020, 146(1): 05019005 Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by 44.224.250.200 on 07/04/20. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved. © ASCE 05019005-3 J. Hydraul. Eng. J. Hydraul. Eng., 2020, 146(1): 05019005 Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by 44.224.250.200 on 07/04/20. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved. © ASCE 05019005-5 J. Hydraul. Eng. J. Hydraul. Eng., 2020, 146(1): 05019005 Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by 44.224.250.200 on 07/04/20. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved. © ASCE 05019005-7 J. Hydraul. Eng. J. Hydraul. Eng., 2020, 146(1): 05019005 Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by 44.224.250.200 on 07/04/20. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved. © ASCE 05019005-8 J. Hydraul. Eng. J. Hydraul. Eng., 2020, 146(1): 05019005 Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by 44.224.250.200 on 07/04/20. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved. © ASCE 05019005-9 J. Hydraul. Eng. © ASCE 05019005-10 J. Hydraul. Eng. J. Hydraul. Eng., 2020, 146(1): 05019005 Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by 44.224.250.200 on 07/04/20. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved. © ASCE 05019005-14 J. Hydraul. Eng. J. Hydraul. Eng., 2020, 146(1): 05019005 Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by 44.224.250.200 on 07/04/20. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved. © ASCE 05019005-16 J. Hydraul. Eng.
We present a new graphics processing unit implementation of two second-order numerical schemes of the shallow water equations on Cartesian grids. Previous implementations are not fast enough to evaluate multiple scenarios for a robust, uncertainty-aware decision support. To tackle this, we exploit the capabilities of the NVIDIA Kepler architecture. We implement a scheme developed by Kurganov and Petrova (KP07) and a newer, improved version by Horváth et al. (HWP14). The KP07 scheme is simpler but suffers from incorrect high velocities along the wet/dry boundaries, resulting in small time steps and long simulation runtimes. The HWP14 scheme resolves this problem but comprises a more complex algorithm. Previous work has shown that HWP14 has the potential to outperform KP07, but no practical implementation has been provided. The novel shuffle-based implementation of HWP14 presented here takes advantage of its accuracy and performance capabilities for real-world usage. The correctness and performance are validated on real-world scenarios.
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