Development of 3D-Printed Sulfated Chitosan Modified Bioresorbable Stents for Coronary Artery Disease

Abstract

Bioresorbable polymeric stents have attracted great interest for coronary artery disease because they can provide mechanical support first and then disappear within a desired time period. The conventional manufacturing process is laser cutting, and generally they are fabricated from tubular prototypes produced by injection molding or melt extrusion. The aim of this study is to fabricate and characterize a novel bioresorbable polymeric stent for treatment of coronary artery disease. Polycaprolactone (PCL) is investigated as suitable material for biomedical stents. A rotary 3D printing method is developed to fabricate the polymeric stents. Surface modification of polymeric stent is performed by immobilization of 2-N, 6-O-sulfated chitosan (26SCS). Physical and chemical characterization results showed that the surface microstructure of 3D-pinted PCL stents can be influenced by 26SCS modification, but no significant difference was observed for their mechanical behavior. Biocompatibility assessment results indicated that PCL and S-PCL stents possess good compatibility with blood and cells, and 26SCS modification can enhance cell proliferation. These results suggest that 3D printed PCL stent can be a potential candidate for coronary artery disease by modification of sulfated chitosan (CS).

Clinical Applications of Patient-Specific 3D Printed Models in Cardiovascular Disease: Current Status and Future Directions

“…Generation of realistic and dynamic models is of clinically important for cardiovascular disease as simulation of hemodynamic blood flow in these 3D cardiovascular models plays a crucial role in creating a realistic environment that can mimic the real physiological situation. Some recent studies already demonstrated the dynamic mechanical properties of 3D printing materials in coronary artery disease and coronary stents [ 119 , 120 , 121 ]. 3D printed bioresorbable stents using polymer materials such as polylactic acid (PLA) or polycaprolactone (PCL) have shown good compatibility with blood and cells, and they can be used to print coronary stents for treating coronary artery disease [ 120 ].…”

“…Some recent studies already demonstrated the dynamic mechanical properties of 3D printing materials in coronary artery disease and coronary stents [ 119 , 120 , 121 ]. 3D printed bioresorbable stents using polymer materials such as polylactic acid (PLA) or polycaprolactone (PCL) have shown good compatibility with blood and cells, and they can be used to print coronary stents for treating coronary artery disease [ 120 ]. Guerra et al produced 3D printed composite stents using PLA and PCL materials.…”

Nanomaterial-based hydrogels for coronary interventions: a mini review

“…It is well known that sulfated chitosan enhances the bioactivity of the material [34] . In a recent study, Qiu et al [35] designed a 3D-printed bioresorbable stent using polycaprolactone (PCL), surface modified with sulfated chitosan. Chlorosulfuric acid (HClSO 3 ) was used to sulfonate chitosan at 70 ºC.…”

“…Adapted with permission from Qiu et al . [35] to the treatment of the cardiac tissues. A 3D porous network with pore size of 20 ± 3 μm and 32 ± 5 μm was respectively obtained for CS/CG and GQDs-CS/CG hydrogels.…”

“…Various other studies have been conducted using chitosan as hydrogel material for PCI. Chitosan, being highly bioactive, biocompatible and moderately biodegradable, has also been used as a coating material on various stents for the treatment of MI [35] . In such an approach, Lin et al [36] coated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers with chitosan using the spray coating method, without sealing the meshes.…”