Development of 26-year-old mixed forests following different regeneration cutting treatments in Andean temperate rainforests of south-central Chile

Donoso, Pablo J.; Schlegel, Bastienne; Salas‐Eljatib, Christian; Donoso, Claudio

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2018.10.004

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…& G.Forst., and both in the clear cut and the irregular shelterwood methods this species was accompanied mostly by D. winteri and Eucryphia cordifolia. In the case of the strip cut the second and third species of greater density were E. cordifolia and L. philippiana(Donoso et al 2019). By age 26, basal area in these experiments was 43.6 (± 4.2, standard deviation), 40.4 (± 2.6…”

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Silviculture of South American temperate native forests

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et al. 2022

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Background: South America has the largest area of temperate forests in the Southern Hemisphere, which grow in diverse site conditions. The aim of this paper is to review the practices of silviculture applied and recommended for these temperate forests, and to discuss prospects to develop new silvicultural proposals to improve sustainability, adaptation and in-situ conservation of forest ecosystems. Methods: We reviewed the silviculture knowledge in four major forest types: 1) The Nothofagus-dominated forests of south-central Chile; 2) the Angiosperm-dominated evergreen forests; 3) the Nothofagus and Austrocedrus chilensis (D.Don) Pic. Serm. & Bizzarri forests in the Argentinean Northern Patagonia; and 4) the Cool temperate Nothofagus forests and Magellanic rainforests. Results: In Chile, both Nothofagus-dominated and Angiosperm-dominated evergreen forests are diverse in tree species, and mixed-species silviculture with commercially valuable species of variable shade tolerance is most promising. Some secondary forests can reach growth rates as high as 20 m3ha-1yr-1. After thinnings, stands with 35–60% of residual densities have shown the best responses in growth. Even-aged silvicultural methods have shown a rapid reorganization and development of new cohorts, although, where Chusquea species are conspicuous, regeneration establishment requires controlling competing vegetation. Preliminary results also show interesting prospects for single-tree selection cuts in uneven-aged forests. East of the Andes, in Argentina, mixed Nothofagus forests and pure and mixed Nothofagus and A. chilensis forests occur. The shelterwood method has been the most practised and successful in the mixed Nothofagus forests, with abundant regeneration, and good growth rates. For A. chilensis forests, an adaptive management approach is proposed, conditioned by the cypress disease attack (e.g., Phytophthora austrocedri). Conversion of pure A. chilensis to mixed A. chilensis–N. dombeyi forests could increase growth considerably. Finally, in the cool temperate Nothofagus forests and Magellanic rainforests, shared by Chile and Argentina, the regular shelterwood cuts have been the most common silvicultural method, with massive regeneration a decade after the regeneration felling. Since the two major Nothofagus species in these forests regenerate well in gaps, uneven-aged silviculture seems also promising. Conclusions: There is abundant knowledge about the silviculture of these forest types. However, there are opportunities for several silvicultural systems to better contribute to sustainable forest management, reverse forest degradation, and cope with climate change challenges, primarily through developing mixed and single-species productive and carbon-rich forests, with greater adaptive capacity.

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Silviculture of South American temperate native forests

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et al. 2022

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“…Two common mid-tolerant species were E. cordifolia and D. winteri at both sites, but Llancahue also hosted the conifer P. salignus (Podocarpaceae). Other common species at both sites included G. avellana and L. ferruginea, both short-lived species of the Proteaceae family, which also includes other pioneer species that can have aggressive regeneration following the cuts (Donoso et al 2019).…”

Section: Regeneration and Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only other case of an irregular shelterwood cut reported in these temperate rainforests of Chile is in an experiment analogous to that of Hueicolla (Donoso 1989b), where 31% residual basal area was left in old-growth forests in the Andes. That experiment was evaluated 26 years after the cut in 2008 (Donoso et al 2019). The tree density of the new cohorts was similar to Hueicolla but with a much greater density of another highly shade-intolerant Proteaceae species (Embothrium coccineum J.R.Forst.…”

Section: Prospects For the Implementation Of Irregular Shelterwood Cu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mid-term results and prospects for irregular shelterwood systems in hardwood-dominated temperate rainforests in Chile

Donoso,

Riquelme-Buitano,

Soto

2024

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Background: When possible, silviculture should aim to develop mixed-species multi-aged forests that can be more productive and resilient to disturbances, provide high-quality timber and sustain greater amounts of biomass. Southern Chile is covered by temperate rainforests dominated by a mixture of tree species, such as the Evergreen forest type (EFT). The irregular shelterwood regeneration method is a novel approach aimed at developing irregular multi-aged forests following the retention of the residual forest (no final cut). Here, we report mid-term results after implementing these cuttings in two EFT forests in the Coastal Range and discuss its prospects for other temperate rainforests. Methods: Two forests were sampled and evaluated in terms of composition, structure and growth, focusing on the new cohorts developed or released after the irregular shelterwood cuts. One forest was cut in a low-productivity site at 600 m (Hueicolla) in 1983, and the other in a medium-productivity site at 350 m (Llancahue) in 2009. In Hueicolla, 63% of the basal area was harvested from an old-growth forest where the main residual tree species were Eucryphia cordifolia, Laureliopsis philippiana and Saxegothaea conspicua. In Llancahue, 40% of the total basal area was harvested in a mature secondary forest dominated by Nothofagus dombeyi. Results: The understorey developed in Hueicolla had 3,600 trees per ha and a quadratic stand diameter of 15 cm. It was dominated by the mid-tolerant species Eucryphia cordifolia, Gevuina avellana and Lomatia ferruginea, plus the shade-tolerant Amomyrtus luma. In Llancahue, a dense lower canopy was dominated by Podocarpus salignus and Drimys winteri, both mid-tolerant species, which included 81,000 seedlings and saplings < 5 cm per hectare and 560 ingrowth 5-10 cm trees per hectare. Conclusions: The irregular shelterwood cuts allowed the development of dense understorey tree layers below the residual trees. However, the tree composition of the new cohorts largely differed from that of the residual trees and was dominated by mid-tolerant species, including some short-lived species. The irregular shelterwood method proves appropriate for the EFT and may likely be successful in other forest types with valuable mid-tolerant species.

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“…These proposals promote the total removal of the original forest structure, e.g., clear-cuttings was prescribed in 40- Lencinas et al 2005Lencinas et al , 2009Lencinas et al , 2018Soler et al 2015Soler et al , 2016Vergara and Schlatter 2006 Raptors Lencinas et al 2008bLencinas et al , 2010Lencinas et al , 2012Lencinas et al , 2014Lencinas et al , 2015Lencinas et al , 2017Simanonok et al 2011;Soler et al 2015 Lencinas et al 2008aLencinas et al , 2011Lencinas et al , 2017Soler et al 2014Soler et al , 2015Soler et al , 2016 50-m-wide strips, as well as shelterwood cuts in two-stages (first cut leaving 30 m 2 basal area and a final cut that removes the remaining trees after 10-20 years) (Martínez Pastur et al 2000). These silviculture methods were successfully applied in several temperate forests around the world, both using natural regeneration and combined with some plantation of target species (Gustafsson et al 2012;Frelich et al 2015;Donoso et al 2019). These silvicultural methods were successfully applied in Nothofagus forests for many years, where harvested stands quickly recovered after cuts through the abundant natural regeneration (Martínez Pastur et al 2011a, b).…”

Section: Silviculture Implemented In Nothofagus Pumilio Forests: the mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the sawmill industry in Southern Patagonia was designed to process only the best quality logs, leading to high-grading cuttings, and leaving an economic degraded forests with uncompleted treatments prescriptions (e.g., first cuts of the shelterwood were implemented in 50,000 ha but final cuts were never applied) (Gea et al 2004;Martínez Pastur et al 2007a). This trade-off greatly influenced the management in Southern Patagonia, mainly due to the distance to markets, and defined the main difference with other temperate forests where the closeness of the markets led to intensive harvesting (Donoso et al 2019;Soman et al 2019). The local forest regulations in Southern Patagonia promote the conservation of a large percentage of the native forests, where producers must compulsorily protect them avoiding any kind of silvicultural intervention.…”

Section: Silviculture Implemented In Nothofagus Pumilio Forests: the mentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge arising from long-term research of variable retention harvesting in Tierra del Fuego: where do we go from here?

et al. 2019

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Nothofagus pumilio forests in Tierra del Fuego are the southernmost forests in the world, where extreme climate conditions represent a challenge to attain sustainable forest management. Retention forestry was proposed as an alternative to increase the species conservation in managed stands. Here, we synthetized results related to the implementation of a variable retention harvesting based on a combination of aggregate patches and dispersed retention during the last 18 years comparing with other silviculture proposals (e.g., shelterwood cuts) and control treatments (primary unmanaged forests). We summarized the results for (i) sawmill operations, (ii) timber yield, (iii) overstory stability, (iv) forest structure, (v) microclimate and natural cycles, (vi) natural regeneration dynamics (flowering, seeding, foraging, recruitment, growth, and mortality), and (vii) biodiversity (mammals, understory plants, mistletoes, birds, arthropods, mosses, lichens, and fungi). In general, aggregate patches maintained forest structure and micro-environmental variables, and slightly increased biodiversity and forest reproduction variables compared to unmanaged primary forests. On the contrary, dispersed retention decreased forest structure variables and greatly increased biodiversity (richness and abundance) when it was compared to unmanaged primary forests. Ecological conditions are influenced by variable retention harvesting, but direction and magnitude of the effect depend and differ according to retention types. Besides this, biodiversity taxa greatly differed among groups depending on retention types. In general, the species assemblages in aggregate patches were similar to those found in primary unmanaged forests, while they were significantly modified in the dispersed retention. This occurred due to (i) local extinction of some original species, (ii) the introduction of native species from the surrounding environments, or (iii) the invasion of exotic species. This silvicultural method has been a useful tool to conserve biodiversity and ecosystem functions, approaching to the balance between economy, ecology, and social requirements in the managed areas.

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Development of 26-year-old mixed forests following different regeneration cutting treatments in Andean temperate rainforests of south-central Chile

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

Silviculture of South American temperate native forests

Silviculture of South American temperate native forests

Mid-term results and prospects for irregular shelterwood systems in hardwood-dominated temperate rainforests in Chile

Knowledge arising from long-term research of variable retention harvesting in Tierra del Fuego: where do we go from here?

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