Development of 1-MΩ quantum Hall array resistance standards

Oe, Takehiko; Gorwadkar, Sucheta; Itatani, Taro; Kaneko, Nobu‐Hisa

doi:10.1109/cpem.2016.7540717

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The QHRA was designed by the continued fractional expansion method and realized by integrating 88 quantum Hall devices with the following nominal value, almost 100-fold larger than a single quantum Hall resistance, at filling factor 2 ( Fig. 1a inset and 1b) [18]; nom = 10150 131 × ℎ 2 2 ⁄ ⁄ = 999 999.983 Ω 2019 . Figure 1a The temporal drift is smaller than 30 × 10 −9 month ⁄ as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Stability Of Quantum Hall Resistance Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum mechanical current-to-voltage conversion with quantum Hall resistance array

Chae

Kim

et al. 2020

Metrologia

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Accurate measurement of the electric current requires a stable and calculable resistor for an ideal current-to-voltage conversion. However, the temporal resistance drift of a physical resistor is unavoidable, unlike the quantum Hall resistance directly linked to the Planck constant h and the elementary charge e. Lack of an invariant high-resistance leads to a challenge in making small-current measurements below 1 μA with an uncertainty better than one part in 10 6 . In this work, we demonstrate a current-to-voltage conversion in the range from a few nano amps to one microamp with an invariant quantized Hall array resistance. The converted voltage is directly compared with the Josephson voltage reference in the framework of Ohm's law.Markedly distinct from the classical conversion, which relies on an artifact resistance reference, this current-to-voltage conversion does not demand timely resistance calibrations. It improves the precision of current measurement down to 8×10 -8 at 1 μA.Keywords: quantum Hall effect, quantum Hall resistance array, current-to-voltage conversion of the measured Hall voltage to the array resistance, we have determined a ratio for the currentto-voltage conversion. Here, we measured the converted Hall voltage through direct comparison with the programmable Josephson voltage standard. Two current values coincide with each other within the measurement uncertainty in the investigated range from 5 nA to 1 μA. This indicates that a high-value quantized Hall array resistance can be utilized for a currentto-voltage conversion, which is quantum mechanically enhanced by the quantum Hall effect, without timely resistance calibrations. It is conspicuously distinguishable from the conventional current-to-voltage conversion. Additionally, the precision of current measurement based on this current-to-voltage conversion is achieved down to 8×10 -8 at 1 μA. Moreover, the demonstrated precision, as well as the value of realized quantum Hall resistance array, is not the fundamental limit.

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Section: Stability Of Quantum Hall Resistance Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum mechanical current-to-voltage conversion with quantum Hall resistance array

Chae

Kim

et al. 2020

Metrologia

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“…PTB realized standards ( fig.18b) made of ten Hall bars connected in series or in parallel [190,192]. NMIJ pursues the development of arrays to achieve not only resistance standards of 10 kΩ [193] and 1 MΩ [191] (fig.18c) resistance values but also voltage dividers [194].…”

Section: Arraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ampere and the electrical units in the quantum era

Poirier

Djordjevic

Schopfer

et al. 2019

Comptes Rendus. Physique

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By fixing two fundamental constants from quantum mechanics, the Planck constant h and the elementary charge e, the revised Système International (SI) of units endorses explicitly quantum mechanics. This evolution also highlights the importance of this theory which underpins the most accurate realization of the units. From 20 May 2019, the new definitions of the kilogram and of the ampere, based on fixed values of h and e respectively, will particularly impact the electrical metrology. The Josephson effect (JE) and the quantum Hall effect (QHE), used to maintain voltage and resistance standards with unprecedented reproducibility since 1990, will henceforth provide realizations of the volt and the ohm without the uncertainties inherited from the older electromechanical definitions. More broadly, the revised SI will sustain the exploitation of quantum effects to realize electrical units, to the benefit of end-users. Here, we review the state-of-the-art of these standards and discuss further applications and perspectives.

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“…It is worth noting that the usage of a QHARS for each bridge arm may reduce the number of the required QHE elements with respect to a resistance comparison with a single QHARS. In fact, for instance, let us consider R x ≈ 1 MΩ, a resistance value that can be obtained, with good approximation, as (10150/131)R H with a QHARS with 88 QHE elements [20,32]. From figure 2, the bridge balance equation would yield…”

Section: Further Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of a graphene quantum Hall Kelvin bridge-on-a-chip for resistance calibrations

et al. 2020

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The unique properties of the quantum Hall effect allow one to revisit traditional measurement circuits with a new flavour. In this paper we present the first realization of a quantum Hall Kelvin bridge for the calibration of standard resistors directly against the quantum Hall resistance. The bridge design is particularly simple and requires a minimal number of instruments. The implementation here proposed is based on the bridge-on-a-chip, an integrated circuit composed of three graphene quantum Hall elements and superconducting wiring. The accuracy achieved in the calibration of a 12 906 Ω standard resistor is of a few parts in 10 8 , at present mainly limited by the prototype device and the interferences in the current implementation, with the potential to achieve few parts in 10 9 , which is the level of the systematic uncertainty of the quantum Hall Kelvin bridge itself.

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Development of 1-MΩ quantum Hall array resistance standards

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Quantum mechanical current-to-voltage conversion with quantum Hall resistance array

Quantum mechanical current-to-voltage conversion with quantum Hall resistance array

The ampere and the electrical units in the quantum era

Implementation of a graphene quantum Hall Kelvin bridge-on-a-chip for resistance calibrations

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