Development in vitro of excised flower primordia of Nicotiana tabacum

Abstract

Young flower primordia of Nicotiana tabacum 'Wisconsin 38' have been successfully cultured on a nutrient medium supplemented with kinetin. The petal, stamen, and carpel primordia form in the normal acropetal sequence during the first week on excised floral apices which initially bore only sepal primordia. Relatively normal morphogenesis of the organs ensues, and on optimal concentrations of kinetin, pedicel length, calyx length and width, corolla width, and ovary length and width after 4 weeks were comparable to those in the normal flower at anthesis. The corolla, filaments, and style were always much shorter than normal. Large quantities of pollen were produced on low kinetin concentrations and normal embryo sacs formed in the numerous ovules. When kinetin was omitted from the medium, similar explants initiated all the organ primordia, but these subsequently remained minute through 4 weeks of culture. The data indicate that organ initiation is independent of exogenously supplied hormones, but that the later phases of bud growth have a marked requirement for kinetin. It is suggested that the sepals or petals may provide some stimulus for the initiation of meiosis in the anthers and ovules. In that flower morphogenesis in culture is independent of specific regulation from the rest of the plant, bud development appears to be relatively autonomous.

A scanning electron microscope study of the development and surface features of floral organs of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

“…The remaining meristem will ultimately be used in the formation of the ovary. This pattern of floral organ initiation of tomato has also been reported for other species (Hicks and Sussex 1970;Gersterberger and Leins 1978).…”

Function of the apetala-1 gene during Arabidopsis floral development.

“…In response to various cues, cells in the vegetative shoot apical meristem can initiate floral development. Once the floral signal is perceived, florally determined apical meristems are competent to carry out a floral program of development, even when isolated from the rest of the plant (Hicks and Sussex, 1970;Singer and McDaniel, 1986). These results indicate that after floral evocation floral development of the apical meristem is independent of the rest of the plant.…”

Transductions for the Expression of Structural Pattern: Analysis in Sunflower.

“…In perianthia of Arabidopsis, larger peripheral floral zones could simply give more sepals and petals (Chasan, 1993). Alternatively, increasing the expanding tendency could reduce the wavelength for buckling and give added undulations within aconstant dimension (Hicks and Sussex, 1970).…”