Development, Evaluation, and Sensitivity Analysis of Parametric Finite Element Whole-Body Human Models in Side Impacts

Hwang, Eun Ju; Hu, Jingwen; Chen, Cong; Klein, Katelyn F.; Miller, Craig S.; Reed, Matthew P.; Rupp, Jonathan D.; Hallman, Jason J.

doi:10.4271/2016-22-0014

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In addition, muscles were not included in the current lumbar model. Future studies may investigate the effects of human factors and muscle activations on the lumbar spine injury risks using parametric human models [ 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Numerical Investigation of Risk Factors Affecting Lumbar Spine Injuries Using a Detailed Lumbar Model

Zheng

Tang

2018

Applied Bionics and Biomechanics

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Recent field data showed that lumbar spine fractures occurred more frequently in late model vehicles than early ones in frontal crashes. However, the lumbar spine designs of the current crash test dummies are not accurate in human anatomy and have not been validated against any human/cadaver impact responses. In addition, the lumbar spines of finite element (FE) human models, including GHBMC and THUMS, have never been validated previously against cadaver tests. Therefore, this study developed a detailed FE lumbar spine model and validated it against cadaveric tests. To investigate the mechanism of lumbar spine injury in frontal crashes, effects of changing the coefficient of friction (COF), impact velocity, cushion thickness and stiffness, and cushion angle on the risk of lumbar spine injuries were analyzed based on a Taguchi array of design of experiments. The results showed that impact velocity is the most important factor in determining the risk of lumbar spine fracture (P = 0.009). After controlling the impact velocity, increases in the cushion thickness can effectively reduce the risk of lumbar spine fracture (P = 0.039).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Numerical Investigation of Risk Factors Affecting Lumbar Spine Injuries Using a Detailed Lumbar Model

Zheng

Tang

2018

Applied Bionics and Biomechanics

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“…Additionally, for the models, the average age of 50 for adults within the European Union ( European Commission, 2020 ) was used as the target age. A template mesh corresponding to an average female, consisting of the outer skin and surfaces of all skeletal parts, similar to ( Hwang et al, 2016a ; Hwang et al, 2016b ) was obtained from the University of Michigan Transport Research Institute (UMTRI). This template mesh is based on several statistical shape models (SSM), among others, ( Reed and Ebert, 2013 ; UMTRI BioHuman: 3D Human Shapes, 2020 ), for the outer surface, ( Shi et al, 2014 ; Wang et al, 2016 ), for the ribs and ( Klein, 2015 ; Klein et al, 2015 ) for the lower extremities.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high-resolution geometry was used to create the FE mesh described in Section 2.3 , while the coarser template mesh was used for morphing in Section 2.4 . ( Hwang et al, 2016a ; Hwang et al,2016b ). In the generation of the UMTRI template mesh the spine curvature was not fully controlled.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hello, world! VIVA+: A human body model lineup to evaluate sex-differences in crash protection

John

Klug

Kranjec

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Finite element Human Body Models are increasingly becoming vital tools for injury assessment and are expected to play an important role in virtual vehicle safety testing. With the aim of realizing models to study sex-differences seen in the injury- and fatality-risks from epidemiology, we developed models that represent an average female and an average male. The models were developed with an objective to allow tissue-based skeletal injury assessment, and thus non-skeletal organs and joints were defined with simplified characterizations to enhance computational efficiency and robustness. The model lineup comprises female and male representations of (seated) vehicle occupants and (standing) vulnerable road users, enabling the safety assessment of broader segments of the road user population. In addition, a new workflow utilized in the model development is presented. In this workflow, one model (the seated female) served as the base model while all the other models were generated as closely-linked derivative models, differing only in terms of node coordinates and mass distribution. This approach opens new possibilities to develop and maintain further models as part of the model lineup, representing different types of road users to reflect the ongoing transitions in mobility patterns (like bicyclists and e-scooter users). In this paper, we evaluate the kinetic and kinematic responses of the occupant and standing models to blunt impacts, mainly on the torso, in different directions (front, lateral, and back). The front and lateral impacts to the thorax showed responses comparable to the experiments, while the back impact varied with the location of impact (T1 and T8). Abdomen bar impact showed a stiffer load-deflection response at higher intrusions beyond 40 mm, because of simplified representation of internal organs. The lateral shoulder impact responses were also slightly stiffer, presumably from the simplified shoulder joint definition. This paper is the first in a series describing the development and validation of the new Human Body Model lineup, VIVA+. With the inclusion of an average-sized female model as a standard model in the lineup, we seek to foster an equitable injury evaluation in future virtual safety assessments.

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“…To conduct the whole‐body mesh morphing, a large set of corresponding nodes was selected on the skeleton and external body surface between the THUMS and the target geometry to morph the internal organs and other soft tissues. More details of the RBF mesh morphing methods can be found in our previous studies .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They found that subject‐specific femur models produced more accurate impact responses than a single midsize male model or scaled models using traditional scaling techniques. Hwang et al developed a method to rapidly morph a baseline whole‐body human model to diverse human characteristics and evaluated the morphed models against two PMHS in side impacts . However, these two PMHS were both normal weight (BMI < 30 kg/m 2 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact Response Comparison Between Parametric Human Models and Postmortem Human Subjects with a Wide Range of Obesity Levels

Zhang

Cao

Wang

et al. 2017

Obesity

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Development, Evaluation, and Sensitivity Analysis of Parametric Finite Element Whole-Body Human Models in Side Impacts

Cited by 18 publications

References 43 publications

A Numerical Investigation of Risk Factors Affecting Lumbar Spine Injuries Using a Detailed Lumbar Model

A Numerical Investigation of Risk Factors Affecting Lumbar Spine Injuries Using a Detailed Lumbar Model

Hello, world! VIVA+: A human body model lineup to evaluate sex-differences in crash protection

Impact Response Comparison Between Parametric Human Models and Postmortem Human Subjects with a Wide Range of Obesity Levels

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