Development Assessment of the Singapore Land: A Gis Spatial-Temporal Approach Based on Land Cover Analysis

Abstract

Urban indicators plays an important role in the planning and sustainable development of the cities. This paper presents a methodology to determine the favorability index for development of Singapore based on land cover. The 'City Index' of Singapore was calculated using five indicators -Social, Environmental, Industrialization, Economic, and Naturality. Two indices 'Environmental Capacity of Development' and 'Land Restriction' were used as correction factors in the Singapore favorability index for development determination. The analysis of indicators and final index were carried out based on the land cover of Singapore in 2014 and in 2030 projection. A high favorability index was observed in the central and northwestern sides, in Pulau Tekong and Pulau Ubin 'Environmental Capacity of Development' factor is related to the significant importance in the natural territories and in the reclamation areas. Hence the central, North-West and surrounding islands registered higher values (close to 1) of the "Environmental Capacity of Development". The high values of the 'Land Restriction' factor indicating many infrastructures and special use areas spread over the Singapore Island. On the other hand, the moderate values of the 'Land Restriction' factor are observed in few locations from North, South, central and northeastern islands of Singapore. The 'Favorability index for development of Singapore' depicts the central and northwestern sides together with the Tekong and Pulau Ubin as high favourable areas. The southern part of Singapore, near the coastline and the eastern extremity are predicted to be favourable areas in the future due to new reclamation lands extensions. The approach presented in this paper is indispensable tool for the Singapore urban decisions and future planning. Moreover, the methodology is useful and it can be adapted for large cities or metropolitan areas of capitals.

Spatial Analysis of Asymmetry in the Development of Tourism Infrastructure in the Borderlands: The Case of the Bystrzyckie and Orlickie Mountains

“…The most significant problem was trimming the square fields to the study boundaries and to the state border. At the external boundaries, it was theoretically possible to use full fields with an excess, which has been done in many studies [16,75,107]. However, this was not possible in areas adjacent to the border because, for comparative purposes, cutting off the Czech and Polish parts in the chosen research fields was a necessary condition for analysis.…”

“…They are also often used when presenting phenomena independent of administrative boundaries, particularly in ecology [72] or for presenting statistical data across political boundaries, such as the population grid in the GeoSTAT initiative [73,74]. The availability of analytical computer software has increased the number of socio-economic analyses using this type of method, including research on urban sprawl, land cover [15,75], disease spread [12,13], and space-time accessibility in urban areas [16,76].…”

“…The second issue is to determine the extent of the primary geometric fields in relation to the usually-irregular borders of the study area. Such fields can be established with an excess (fields that often go outside the analyzed area [75]), with an underflow (fields that do not go outside the analyzed area [84]), or according to the course of the study boundary (fields are clipped [85]). In the latter case, when grids are clipped to the study area boundary, the primary fields become irregular at the periphery of the study area, so their actual areas must be calculated to analyze the density of the studied phenomenon [85].…”

“…However, some authors used square sampling with an underflow [15]. In the analysis of non-adjacent areas, grids that exceed the research area are the most common [16,75]. In our paper, we use a square grid clipped to the study area boundaries to facilitate comparative analysis of the density indicators.…”

A Micro-Scale Study of Flood Risk Assessment in Urban Fluvial Areas Using the Flood Potential Index

“…As the occurrence of flood events has become common, the number of flood risk assessments is increasing (Nastiti et al, 2015). Concerning these issues, various methods are being offered by using geographical information system (GIS)-based model applications in order to solve flood risk assessments in large-scale studies (Singh, 2019;Song et al, 2017;Valencia et al, 2020; and the relationships to the position of the groundwater table (Al Adaileh et al, 2019;Freitas 2016;Nistor et al, 2019;Olaniyi Oke, 2018;Suryawan et al, 2019;Syarif et al, 2013;Wu et al, 2011). Another method is by using the water index in order to describe or analyze water-related problems (Tallar and Dhian, 2021;Nayak et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2020;Williams et al, 2019;Tallar and Suen, 2015;Tallar and Suen, 2016).…”