Development and validation of the Chinese version of the Reintegration to Normal Living Index for use with stroke patients

Pang, Marco Yiu Chung; Lau, Ricky W. K.; Yeung, P.K.C.; Liao, Lin; Chung, Raymond C.K.

doi:10.2340/16501977-0660

Cited by 45 publications

(69 citation statements)

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“…The strong correlation between the FAI-C and RNLI scores supports findings from previous studies between the scores of the English versions of the FAI and RNLI in an elderly stroke population in the UK, 32 and between the scores of the FAI and the validated Chinese version of the RNL in a sample of Chinese individuals who had a chronic stroke. 25 The associations between the FAI-C and the ABC, and TUG scores were similar to those reported by Miller et al 8 in a sample of individuals with lower-extremity amputations. …”

supporting

confidence: 72%

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Reliability and Validity of Scores of a Chinese Version of the Frenchay Activities Index

Imam¹,

Miller²

2012

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

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Objective-To develop a Chinese version of the Frenchay Activities Index (FAI-C) and evaluate the reliability and validity of its scores. Design-A two-week test-retest study.Setting-Chinese community in Vancouver, BC, Canada.Participants-Data were collected using a convenience sample of Chinese immigrants living in Vancouver, BC, Canada. Of the 73 participants, data from 66 participants were included in the analysis. The total sample included two subsamples: community dwelling (n = 32), and assisted living (n = 34). Participants were 65 years or older, lived in Canada for more than five years and were able to read Chinese. Interventions-Not applicable. Main Outcome Measure-FAI-C scores.Results-Test-retest reliability of the FAI-C scores assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.86 (95% Confidence interval (CI) = 0.79-0.92) for the total sample, 0.89 (95% CI = 0.78-0.94) for the community dwelling subsample, and 0.71 (95% CI = 0.50-0.85) for the assisted living subsample. The minimal detectable difference (MDD) at 95% CI was 8.64. Correlations between the FAI-C and the Reintegration to Normal Living Index (r = 0.61, p < 0.01), Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale (r = 0.55, p < 0.01), and Timed Up and Go (r = − 0.68, p < 0.01) were in the a priori hypothesized direction and magnitude.Corresponding Author: William C Miller; address: G F Strong Rehabilitation Centre, 4255 Laurel Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 2G9;; bcmiller@telus.net. Financial Disclosure: We certify that no party having a direct interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit on us or on any organization with which we are associated AND, if applicable, we certify that all financial and material support for this research (eg, NIH or NHS grants) CIHR Author Manuscript CIHR Author Manuscript CIHR Author ManuscriptConclusions-The FAI-C scores are reliable and there is support for validity. This tool enables us to measure social participation level in the Chinese-speaking population. KeywordsAsian continental ancestry group; Rehabilitation; Reproducibility of results A commonly identified limitation of many studies is that a certain contingent of the population may need to be excluded from the study because the instruments of interest were not available in the mother tongue of a section of the population. Chinese is the most common language in the world, yet many commonly used health-related outcome measures are not available in this language. Many of our studies inquire about the activities participants perform in their own community. Despite representing such a large proportion of our population, we are often compelled to exclude Chinese-speaking participants from research studies because of language barriers. The exclusion of otherwise eligible immigrant population could lead to systematic bias when only representing the dominant ethnicity of the country. 4 Therefore, it is imperative for outcome measures to be translated and validated in other languages.Se...

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confidence: 72%

“…The scores of the Chinese version of the RNL have been shown to be reliable and valid. 25 The Timed Up & Go (TUG) test is a performance based measure of basic mobility function. Participants are instructed to stand from a seated position, walk 3 meters, turn and walk back to the chair and sit down.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability and Validity of Scores of a Chinese Version of the Frenchay Activities Index

Imam¹,

Miller²

2012

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

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“…Consequently, the goal of stroke rehabilitation has shifted from mere survival of a victim to how well a survivor can be effectively reintegrated back into the community 8,12 .…”

Section: Corresponding Authormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is the most important and ironically the most underestimated area of stroke rehabilitation 6 . The constituting domains of community reintegration may include recreation/leisure integration, social network integration, residential integration, employment/economic integration, employment stability, personal satisfaction, independent living, family role, general coping skills and so on 8,11,12,14 . However, the conceptualization of community African Health Sciences Vol 16 Issue 3, September 2016reintegration reportedly varies considerably across different authors, cultures, environments, groups, age groups and across people with different kinds and degrees of disabilities 9,15 .…”

Section: Corresponding Authormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Christopher Akosile, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Medical Rehabilitation Email: coakosile@yahoo.com ability 5 restricting their reintegration into the community, and potentially negating the best efforts of rehabilitation [6][7][8][9][10][11] . Consequently, the goal of stroke rehabilitation has shifted from mere survival of a victim to how well a survivor can be effectively reintegrated back into the community 8,12 .…”

Section: Corresponding Authormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Community reintegration and related factors in a Nigerian stroke sample

Akosile¹,

Nworah²,

Okoye³

et al. 2016

Afr H. Sci.

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Background: The goal of stroke rehabilitation has shifted from mere survival of a victim to how well a survivor can be effectively reintegrated back into the community. Objectives: The present study determined the level of satisfaction with community reintegration (CR) and related factors among Nigerian community-dwelling stroke survivors (CDSS). Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey of 71 volunteering CDSS (35 males, 36 females) from selected South-Eastern Nigerian communities. Reintegration to Normal Living Index was used to assess participants' CR. Data was analysed using Spearman rank-order correlation, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests at p≤0.05. Results: Participants generally had deficits in CR which was either mild/moderate (52.1%) or severe (47.9%). Scores in the CR domains of distance mobility, performance of daily activities, recreational activities and family roles were particularly low (median scores ≤ 4). CR was significantly correlated with and influenced by age (r=-0.35; p=0.00) and presence/absence of diabetes mellitus (u=3.56.50; p=0.01), pre-(k=6.13; p=0.05) and post-stroke employment (k=18.26; p=0.00) status, type of assistive mobility device being used (AMD) (k=25.39; p=0.00) and support from the community (k=7.15; p=0.03) respectively. Conclusion: CR was generally poor for this CDSS sample. Survivors who are older, having diabetes as co-morbidity, using AMD (particularly wheel-chair) and without employment pre-and/or post-stroke may require keener attention. Rehabilitation focus may be targeted at enhancing mobility functions, vocational and social skills.

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Test‐Retest Reliability of the Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNL‐I) to Assess Perceived Participation in Adults With Late Effects of Polio

Andersson

Lexell

Brogårdh

2019

PM&R

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Background Many individuals with late effects of polio have difficulties participating in daily activities. The Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNL‐I) is a self‐report questionnaire that evaluates perceived participation, but knowledge of the test‐retest reliability and measurement errors in this population is lacking. Objective To evaluate the test‐retest reliability of the RNL‐I in adults with late effects of polio. Design A postal survey with a test‐retest design. Setting University hospital outpatient clinic. Participants Fifty‐one adults (20 women and 31 men; mean age 72 years) with late effects of polio. Main Outcome Measurements The Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNL‐I). Methods The participants responded to the RNL‐I twice, 3 weeks apart. Data were analyzed with the following statistical methods: percentage agreement (PA), quadratic kappa coefficients, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), mean difference, standard error of measurement (SEM/SEM%), and the smallest real difference (SRD/SRD%). Results The PA (ie, the same scoring at both test occasions) was >70% for 10 of 11 items. The kappa coefficients showed good test‐retest agreement (>0.61) for 7 items. The ICC was 0.88 and the mean difference was −0.74. The SEM (SEM%) was 7.4 (9.7%) and the SRD (SRD%) was 20.5 (27.0%). Conclusion The RNL‐I can be considered reliable for adults with mild to moderate late effects of polio. It can thereby be used to assess changes in perceived participation over time or after rehabilitation interventions, both for a group of individuals and a single individual. Level of Evidence III.

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Development and validation of the Chinese version of the Reintegration to Normal Living Index for use with stroke patients

Abstract: The Reintegration to Normal Living Index is a reliable and valid tool for assessing satisfaction with community reintegration among Chinese people with chronic stroke.

Cited by 45 publications

References 0 publications

Reliability and Validity of Scores of a Chinese Version of the Frenchay Activities Index

Reliability and Validity of Scores of a Chinese Version of the Frenchay Activities Index

Community reintegration and related factors in a Nigerian stroke sample

Test‐Retest Reliability of the Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNL‐I) to Assess Perceived Participation in Adults With Late Effects of Polio

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