Development and Validation of the Latina American Shifting Scale (LASS)

Gamst, Glenn; Arellano‐Morales, Leticia; Meyers, Lawrence S.; Tolstoy, Brittany; Garcia, Sara; Sjobeck, Gustav; Blair, Rachel; Casas, Marisa

doi:10.1007/s12147-018-9225-1

Cited by 13 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…Whereas code switching describes how individuals might modify their vocabulary or shift their pitch to better accommodate the expectations of the listener (Glenn and Johnson 2012;Gumperz 1982), identity shifting is the term that incorporates both the language aspect of shifting (e.g., code switching) and the behavioral aspect of shifting (e.g., altering how one acts so as not to confirm stereotypes about one's social group). Identity shifting can include a range of conscious or unconscious behavior modifications including changing their typical language, wardrobe, and hairstyles (Dickens et al 2019;Gamst et al 2019;Jones and Shorter-Gooden 2004).…”

Section: Coping Strategies Among Black Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a recent quantitative study, Gamst et al (2020) reported that in a sample of African American women, greater levels of shifting produced an increase in race-related stress. In all, research suggests that the costs of identity shifting can include psychological distress and being tokenized and that a benefit of shifting may include enhancing one's cultural competence (Dickens et al 2019;Gamst et al 2019;Jones and Shorter-Gooden 2004). Yet more quantitative research is needed to explore identity shifting as a coping strategy for experiencing discrimination among millennial and post-millennial U.S. Black women.…”

Section: Coping Strategies Among Black Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gendered Racism and Mental Health among Young Adult U.S. Black Women: The Moderating Roles of Gendered Racial Identity Centrality and Identity Shifting

et al. 2021

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Black women are uniquely located at the intersection of two marginalized identities which puts them at risk of experiencing a combined discrimination known as gendered racism. Among Black Women, experiencing increased gendered racism is associated with higher poorer mental health which includes higher levels of anxiety and depression. To cope with these experiences of gendered racism, Black women often engage in identity shifting by adjusting one's behavior and language to conform to environmental norms. Paradoxically, having a strong sense of one's gendered racial identity has been theorized to potentially protect Black women from the detrimental effects of gendered racism. Two hundred thirty nine young adult U.S. Black women, between the ages of 18 and 35, completed an online survey to examine the role of identity shifting and gendered racial identity centrality on the established link between gendered racism and mental health outcomes, specifically anxiety and depression symptoms. The results indicated that identity shifting did not moderate the associations between gendered racism and anxiety nor depression symptoms. Separate moderation analyses indicated that gendered racial identity centrality moderated the effect of identity shifting on depression but not on anxiety symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of considering identity factors when proposing theories and clinical practices that seek to reduce mental health concerns among young adult U.S. Black women.

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Section: Coping Strategies Among Black Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Coping Strategies Among Black Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gendered Racism and Mental Health among Young Adult U.S. Black Women: The Moderating Roles of Gendered Racial Identity Centrality and Identity Shifting

et al. 2021

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“…MAIP-inspired empirical research has primarily examined client–practitioner ethnic/racial match (Gamst, Dana, Der-Karabetian, & Kramer, 2000, 2004), acculturation and ethnic identity (Gamst et al, 2002), practitioner self-reported cultural competence (Gamst, Dana, Der-Karabetian, et al, 2004; Keyser, Gamst, Meyers, Der-Karabetian, & Morrow, 2014), cultural shifting as a coping mechanism (Gamst et al, 2018; Johnson, Gamst, Meyers, Arellano-Morales, & Shorter-Gooden, 2016), Portuguese American quality of life predictors (Pinheiro Rocha, Gamst, Meyers, Der-Karabetian, & Magina, 2018), and Arab American mental health services attitudes (Balesh, Gamst, Meyers, Der-Karabetian, & Elias, 2018). Relationship threat or safety attitudes can also be conceptualized within the MAIP model, and hence the MAIP serves as a conceptual framework in which gendered racism acted as a predictor and African American racial identity operated as a mediator of gendered racism that predicts relationship threat among African American women.…”

Section: Perceived Relationship Threat or Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Does African American Women’s Racial Identity Mediate Gendered Racism on Anticipated Relationship Threat?

Gamst

Meyers

et al. 2019

J Interpers Violence

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The present study examined the question of whether racial identity among African American women mediated the relationship between gendered racism and anticipated relationship threat. Using the Multicultural Assessment Intervention Process (MAIP) framework, we examined the relationship of gendered racism, racial identity, and anticipated relationship threat among a convenience sample of 411 African American women. A structural model was configured with gendered racism directly predicting anticipated relationship threat and racial identity serving as a mediator. Results indicated that greater levels of perceived gendered racism were associated with greater perceptions of anticipated relationship threat. Racial identity was found to not mediate the association with anticipated relationship threat. Individuals with less education experienced higher levels of concern regarding physical safety and controlling behaviors than those with more education. Implications for future relationship threat research with African American women are discussed.

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“…Individuals who shift may feel compelled to alter their self-presentation in response to cultural or environmental cues, such as altering tone of voice, behaviors, and personal appearance, as well as being less conspicuous, sometimes without conscious awareness. Hence, shifting is defined as the alteration of one’s cultural self-portrayal in response to perceived social demands (Gamst et al, 2019; Jones & Shorter-Gooden, 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

Shifting Can Be Stressful for African American Women: A Structural Mediation Model

Gamst

Arellano‐Morales

Meyers

et al. 2020

Journal of Black Psychology

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The present study was designed to examine shifting, the phenomenon of altering or modifying one’s self-presentation in different social contexts, as a mediator of the predictive effects of African American women’s acculturation on their perceived race-related stress. To explore this issue, measures of African American acculturation, shifting, and race-related stress were examined within a structural model. The current study quantitatively examined the relationships of these variables among a sample of 366 African American women. Results of a structural equation model indicated full mediation; greater levels of immersion in African American acculturation resulted in greater levels of shifting, which, in turn, generated increased levels of race-related stress. These data extend previous work and expand the literature regarding African American women’s shifting. Implications for clinical work and future research with African American women are also discussed.

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Development and Validation of the Latina American Shifting Scale (LASS)

Cited by 13 publications

References 110 publications

Gendered Racism and Mental Health among Young Adult U.S. Black Women: The Moderating Roles of Gendered Racial Identity Centrality and Identity Shifting

Gendered Racism and Mental Health among Young Adult U.S. Black Women: The Moderating Roles of Gendered Racial Identity Centrality and Identity Shifting

Does African American Women’s Racial Identity Mediate Gendered Racism on Anticipated Relationship Threat?

Shifting Can Be Stressful for African American Women: A Structural Mediation Model

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