Development and Validation of Nonaqueous Capillary Electrophoresis Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Icariin, Icariside II, and Epimedin K in Epimedium Leaves

Abstract

This paper describes a novel nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis method for the separation and determination of Icariin, Icariside II, and Epimedin K in Epimedium leaves. Three flavonoids were extracted by ultrasonication with EtOH-H 2 O (70:30) followed by a HP 20 resin column cleanup procedure. The optimized electrophoretic conditions were obtained with the running solution of 8 mM borate MeCN/H 2 O (60:40, v/v) (pH 11.40), separation voltage of þ20 kV and detection wavelength of 270 nm. The limits of quantification ranged from 0.24 to 0.84 mg/kg (signal/noise ¼ 3) for three flavonoids. Three flavonoids in 10 Epimedium leaves were successfully measured and evaluated.

Chemical Constituents, Quality Control, and Bioactivity of Epimedii Folium (Yinyanghuo)

“…Therefore, the chemical analysis of Yinyanghuo mostly focuses on flavonoids. Until now, a series of methods, including ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectrophotometry Quan et al, 2011;Liang et al, 2012a), thin-layer chromatography (Pozharitskaya et al, 2007), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Ito et al, 1988;Koga et al, 1991;Yamamoto et al, 1992;Chen et al, 1996;Guo et al, 1996;Wang et al, 2003a;Jia et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2006d;Chen et al, 2007;Huang et al, 2007a;Pei et al, 2007;Peng et al, 2007;Xie et al, 2007b;Xu et al, 2007;Zhang et al, 2007;Chen et al, 2008c;Islam et al, 2008;Wu et al, 2008a,b;Zhao et al, 2008;Hong et al, 2009;Islam et al, 2009;Jin et al, 2009;Shen et al, 2009;Xia et al, 2009; (Liang et al, 1996(Liang et al, , 1997aChai et al, 1999;Liang et al, 2000;Wang et al, 2001Wang et al, , 2003bLiu et al, 2006b;Chen et al, 2009b;Lu et al, 2010), and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) (Chen et al, 2008a) have been reported to analyze the constituents of Yinyanghuo.…”

“…In previous studies, flavonoids of Yinyanghuo were usually determined using micellar electrokinetic chromatography because of the absence of charges in the flavonoids (Liang et al, 1996(Liang et al, , 1997a(Liang et al, , 2000Wang et al, 2003b). However, capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), the most widely used and simplest mode of CE, can also be utilized to analyze flavonoids in Yinyanghuo when using alkaline borate solution as the buffer (Chai et al, 1999;Wang et al, 2001;Liu et al, 2006b;Chen et al, 2009b;Lu et al, 2010). CEC is a high-performance liquid phase separation technique performed in packed capillary columns utilizing electroosmosis flow as the driving force.…”

Simultaneous and Rapid Determination of Main Lignans in Different Parts of Schisandra Sphenanthera by Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography

“…Capillary electrophoresis (CE), with its high resolving power, low solvent consumption, and simple sample pretreatment is currently one of the most popular methods for separation and monitoring of Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. To the best of our knowledge, there are no published CE methods for the eight lignans have been fully validated, including extraction recoveries, sample preparation, stability and analytical procedure.…”