“…Several instruments (Collado-Boira et al, 2018;Du, 2017;Han, 2014;Kristensen et al, 2013) have been developed to measure self-management behaviours for persons living with a stoma, including the Specific Self-Care for Ostomized Patients Questionnaire (Collado-Boira et al, 2018), the Self-management Behavior Questionnaire with Enterostomy Patients (Du, 2017), the Enterostomy Patients Self-management Questionnaire (Han, 2014), and Urostomy Education Scale (Kristensen et al, 2013). Three instruments (Collado-Boira et al, 2018;Du, 2017;Han, 2014) developed for persons with faecal ostomies contained items (such as "eats vegetables" or "controls salt in meals") which are not required for those with a urostomy (Prinz et al, 2015;WOCN, 2018). The Chinese version of Urostomy Education Scale, validated by Fu (2014), only focused on self-care behaviours related to changing the pouching system for persons with a urostomy.…”