Development and validation of an ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometric method for determination of phenylethyl resorcinol in new topical nanoemulsions

Liang, Hong; Han, Dan; Li, Ming‐Xin; Zhang, Pei; Liu, Chenguang

doi:10.1111/ics.12381

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This figure shows the wavelengths data as follows: methylparaben (257 nm), ethylparaben (λmax = 257 nm), propylparaben (257 nm), butylparaben (257 nm), phenoxyethanol (271 nm), respectively. Basically, the λ-max of PR alone was tested before and existed at 280 nm, which is similar to other reports [13,15,17].…”

Section: Wavelength Optimizationsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…The wavelength selection was attempted by experiment and referring to the reported λ max for PR alone that was ± 280 nm [13,15,17].…”

Section: A Wavelengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It will impact to cause skin allergies if applied over the permitted. On August 7, 2012, the China State Food and Drug Administration (SFDA) approved PR (SymWhite® 377) as a skin whitening ingredient in skincare cosmetics with a 0.5% usage limit [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of HPLC method for phenylethyl resorcinol content determination in whitening cream preparation

Nugrahani¹,

Ibrahim²,

Kembaren³

2020

jrp

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This experiment aimed to develop and validate an analytical method using HPLC for phenylethyl resorcinol (PR) content determination in the emulsion-cream formula, consisted five preservative agents methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, and phenoxyethanol. Measurement was carried out with a UV detector and using a C18 column. Previously, a selectivity test was conducted to distinguish PR from the other whitening agents that were hydroquinone, alpha-arbutin, kojic acid, and vitamin C. The mobile phase system was optimized by using acetonitrile, water, and methanol, in a gradient concentration. The optimum condition was set in the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, which provided a suitable chromatogram. Linearity in the range of 10.48-73.36 mg/mL showed a correlation coefficient (r) = 0.9999 and generated the detection and quantification limit of 0.7183 mg/L and 2.3943 mg/L, respectively. A robustness test was performed by a variate internal and external factor changes also proved the proper precision. Finally, the validated method was applied as an adequate quantitative analysis to determining phenyl ethyl resorcinol content in the whitening cream preparations.

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Section: Wavelength Optimizationsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…The wavelength selection was attempted by experiment and referring to the reported λ max for PR alone that was ± 280 nm [13,15,17].…”

Section: A Wavelengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Development of HPLC method for phenylethyl resorcinol content determination in whitening cream preparation

Nugrahani¹,

Ibrahim²,

Kembaren³

2020

jrp

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show abstract

“…Since lipid nanoparticles were first reported as drug delivery systems in the 1990s, they have attracted wide attention as effective and nontoxic carriers of various drug molecules [ 13 ]. Self-assembled nanoparticles based on poly(lactic– co –glycolic acid) (PLGA) and polysaccharides, which are composed of an inner hydrophobic core and outer hydrophilic shell, have been widely reported to improve drug delivery efficiency [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. These nanoparticles are also suitable delivery systems for skin wound treatment due to their high drug concentration in the treatment area and the ability to induce tissue repair.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Skin Wound Healing by rhEGF-Loaded Carboxymethyl Chitosan Nanoparticles

Zhang

Liu

2020

Polymers

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The self-assembly of hydrophobically modified polymers has become a research hotspot due to its wide application in the biomedical field. Recombinant human epidermal growth factors (rhEGFs) are molecules that are able to enhance wound healing; however, they have a short half-life and require sustained action to enhance their mitogenic effect on epithelial cells. Here, we proposed a new delivery system to avoid the inhibition of rhEGF by various enzymes, thus improving its bioavailability and sustained release. The amphiphilic polymer was composed of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), which were further characterized by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). Then, the self-assembly behavior of CLA–CMCS (CC) polymer in water was observed in which the particle size of CC decreased from 196 to 155 nm with the degree of CLA substitution increasing. The nanoparticles were loaded with rhEGF and the maximum rhEGF loading efficiency (LE) of CC3 nanoparticles was 82.43 ± 3.14%. Furthermore, CC nanoparticles (NPs) exhibited no cytotoxicity for L929 cells, and cell proliferation activity was well preserved after rhEGF loading to CC-NPs and was comparable to that of free rhEGF. Topically applied rhEGF:CC-NPs significantly accelerated the wound-closure rate in full thickness, which was most probably due to its sustained release and enhanced skin permeation. In conclusion, carboxymethyl chitosan-based nanoparticles were constructed and showed good cytocompatibility. Moreover, these findings also demonstrated the therapeutic potential of rhEGF:CC-NPs as a topical wound-healing drug carrier.

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“…Specially, PR is an effective skin lightening agent compared with other commonly used skin lightening drugs and proved to be a highly safe ingredient [9]. However, the medical application of PR is greatly limited due to its low water solubility and light instability [10]. Nowadays, the use of nanomaterials in micro-molecule drug delivery systems is expected to break through these limitations and bring new hopes for treatment [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Carboxylmethyl Chitosan Nanocarrier via Self-Assembly for Efficient Delivery of Phenylethyl Resorcinol in B16 Cells

2020

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Micro-molecular drugs have special advantages to cope with challenging diseases, however their structure, physical and chemical properties, stability, and pharmacodynamics have more requirements for the way they are delivered into the body. Carrier-based drug delivery systems can circumvent many limited factors of drug delivery and increase their bioavailability. In this context, stable drug nanocarriers of alkaline amino acids (arginine, Arg) modified conjugated linoleic acid-carboxymethyl chitosan (CLA-CMCS) conjugate were developed, which could generate supramolecular micelles to effectively encapsulate the tyrosinase inhibitor phenylethyl resorcinol (PR). The resulting CCA-NPs were spherical nanoparticles with a mean size around 175 nm. The 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and cellular uptake investigation demonstrated that the CCA-NPs were non-cytotoxic and had excellent cell transport ability. In addition, these CCA-NPs were able to effectively deliver PR and inhibited melanin formation to reduce pigmentation by enhancing cellular uptake. In conclusion, our research indicated that nanocarriers based on self-assembly amphiphilic polymers constituted a promising and effective drug delivery system in hyperpigmentation targeting.

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Development and validation of an ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometric method for determination of phenylethyl resorcinol in new topical nanoemulsions

Abstract: This developed method was confirmed to be rapid, simple, cost-effective, specific, precise, accurate and suitable for determination of PR content in nanoemulsions and entrapment efficiencies.

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Development of HPLC method for phenylethyl resorcinol content determination in whitening cream preparation

Development of HPLC method for phenylethyl resorcinol content determination in whitening cream preparation

Enhancement of Skin Wound Healing by rhEGF-Loaded Carboxymethyl Chitosan Nanoparticles

Fabrication of Carboxylmethyl Chitosan Nanocarrier via Self-Assembly for Efficient Delivery of Phenylethyl Resorcinol in B16 Cells

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