Development and Validation of an Analytical Method for Deacetylasperulosidic Acid, Asperulosidic Acid, Scopolin, Asperuloside and Scopoletin in Fermented Morinda citrifolia L. (Noni)

Abstract

Fermentation is a technology that enhances biologically active ingredients, improves the absorption rate and induces the generation of new functional ingredients by the catalytic action of enzyme systems possessed by microorganisms. In this study, changes in the content of five kinds of bioactive compounds (deacetylasperulosidic acid, asperulosidic acid, scopolin, asperuloside and scopoletin) of Morinda citrifolia L. were confirmed by fermentation, and a high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array (HPLC-PDA) analysis method for measuring analytes was developed and validated. HPLC method for the determination of five bioactive compounds in Morinda citrifolia L. extracts (MCE) was validated in terms of sensitivity, linearity, selectivity, limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), precision and accuracy. The coefficient of determination of the calibration curve for bioactive compounds (1.56–100 μg/mL) showed linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9999). LOD and LOQ were in the range 0.04–0.97 and 0.13–2.95 μg/mL, respectively. The range of intra- and intraday accuracies values (recovery) were 97.5–121.9% and 98.8–118.1%, respectively, and precision value (RSDs) of the bioactive compounds were <4%. In addition, changes in the content of five bioactive compounds in MCE by fermentation were confirmed. These results indicate that the developed fermentation and analysis method could be applied in the development of potential functional food ingredients.

Immunomodulatory Effect of Polysaccharide from Fermented Morinda citrifolia L. (Noni) on RAW 264.7 Macrophage and Balb/c Mice

“…However, Cheng et al [11] and Wang et al [12] reported that they could improve the smell of M. citrifolia fruit through fermentation. Furthermore, in our previous study, we confirmed that the content of deacetylasperulosidic acid (DAA), a marker compound of M. citrifolia, increased during fermentation [13]. The main phytochemical component of M. citrifolia is iridoid, of which DAA accounts for most [14].…”

Pelargonium sidoides Root Extract: Simultaneous HPLC Separation, Determination, and Validation of Selected Biomolecules and Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitory Activity

“…Our method showed lower LOD and LOQ for gallic acid [ 14 , 15 ], catechin [ 16 ], scopoletin [ 7 , 18 ] compared to other detection methods. However, better sensitivities were reported for catechin [ 17 ] and scopoletin [ 19 ] due to the highly sensitive detectors (i.e., UHPLC–MS/MS and fluorescence detectors, respectively).…”

“…The separation and determination of these biomolecules from other plants have been extensively studied in the literature. Numerous analytical methods have been used for gallic acid [ 14 , 15 ], catechin [ 16 , 17 ], and scopoletin [ 18 , 19 ]. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, only one analytical method has been reported for the determination of umckalin, through an HPLC-RP method using a C18 column, an isocratic solvent system of acetonitrile-water (45:55, v / v ) flowing at a rate of 0.75 mL/min, and by UV detection at 330 nm [ 20 ].…”

Asperulosidic Acid, a Bioactive Iridoid, Alleviates Placental Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Responses in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus by Suppressing NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways

“…Asperulosidic acid (ASP) is found in Hedyotis diffusa Willd (Rubiaceae) which is widely distributed in China, Indonesia, and other regions in Asia [17][18][19]. ASP is well known for its anti-inflammatory properties [18].…”