Development and validation of a highly sensitive economic enzymeimmunoassay for prolactin determination in blood plasma of mithun (Bos frontalis) and its application during milk let down and cyclicity

Yak and mithun are two domesticated herbivores of high economic importance to the farming community living in highlands. Improved yak and mithun production could significantly enhance the living standards of these highlanders. Over the years, their dwindling numbers have been a cause of serious concern. In view of the lack of knowledge on the reproductive physiology of these ruminants, studies have been undertaken to investigate their reproductive endocrinology in recent years. This paper attempts to present the latest information on the endocrine changes associated with their various reproductive processes viz. growth and puberty, oestrous cyclicity and oestrous behaviour, ovulation, and, pregnancy and parturition. The paper also provides the recent developments on research done towards the enhancement of yak and mithun reproductive efficiencies through endocrine and embryo biotechniques.

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“…2005b; Sarkar et al. 2007d), prolactin (Sarkar and Prakash 2006; Mondal et al. 2007a), total oestrogen, oestradiol‐17 β (Sarkar et al.…”

Section: Development Of Hormone Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In mithuns, the plasma prolactin concentration was high at oestrus and showed fluctuation thereafter with no definite trend throughout the cycle (Mondal et al. 2007a).…”

Section: Endocrine Changes Associated With Reproductive Processes In mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Update on Reproduction in Yak and Mithun

Prakash

Sarkar

Mondal

2008

Reprod Domestic Animals

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“…Conventional immunoassays for prolactin include enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) [7][8][9], bioluminescent immunoassays [10], and chemiluminescence immunoassays [11]. However, these assays have limitations including false positive results, being time-consuming, complex manipulations, and low Shengqiang Li and Yurong Yan contributed equally to this work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Electrochemical sandwich immunoassay for the peptide hormone prolactin using an electrode modified with graphene, single walled carbon nanotubes and antibody-coated gold nanoparticles

Yan

Liu

et al. 2015

Microchim Acta

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We describe a new kind of electrochemical immunoassay for the peptide hormone prolactin. A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with a hybrid material consisting of graphene, single walled carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in a chitosan (CS) matrix. The graphene and the single wall carbon nanotubes were first placed on the GCE, and the AuNPs were then electrodeposited on the surface by cyclic voltammetry. This structure results in a comparably large surface for immobilization of the capturing antibody (Ab 1 ). The modified electrode was used in a standard sandwich-type of immunoassay. The secondary antibody (Ab 2 ) consisted of AuNPs with immobilized Ab 2 and modified with biotinylated DNA as signal tags. Finally, alkaline phosphatase was bound to the biotinylated DNA-AuNPs-Ab 2 conjugate via streptavidin chemistry. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of the α-naphthyl phosphate to form α-naphthol which is highly electroactive at an operating voltage as low as 180 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl). The resulting immunoassay exhibits high sensitivity, wide linear range (50 to 3200 pg mL‾ 1 ), low detection limit (47 pg mL‾ 1 ), acceptable selectivity and reproducibility. The assay provides a pragmatic platform for signal amplification and has a great potential for the sensitive determination of antigens other than prolactine.

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“…Due to the remoteness of their habitats, as well as socio-political and ecological factors, gayal is one of the least studied ruminants. [ 17–20 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and cDNA characteristics ofMHC-DRAgenes from gayal (Bos frontalis) and gaytle (Bos frontalis×Bos taurus)

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2014

Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment

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The mammalian major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays important roles in pathogen recognition and disease resistance. In the present study, the coding sequence and the 5′- and 3′-untranslated regions of MHC class II DR alpha chain (the DRA gene) from rare gayal and gaytle were cloned and analyzed to dissect structural and functional variations. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences for the DRA genes in gayal (Bofr-DRA) and gaytle (Bofr × BoLA-DRA) were almost identical to those for cattle and yak (99%). Compared to yak, two amino acids substitutions in the signal peptide (SP) domain for gayal were found within all Bos animals. Except for only one replacement in the amino acid within the α2 domain of the DRA protein in gayal, the additional residues were highly conserved across the species investigated. The 20 peptide-binding sites (PBS) of Bofr-DRA and Bofr × BoLA-DRA were essentially reserved in the α1 domain among all species investigated. The lesser degree of substitution in Bofr-DRA is concordant with the concept that the DRA gene is highly conserved among all mammals. The very high degree of conservativity of the DRA gene among ruminants, including gayal, suggests its recent evolutionary separation.

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Development and validation of a highly sensitive economic enzymeimmunoassay for prolactin determination in blood plasma of mithun (Bos frontalis) and its application during milk let down and cyclicity

Cited by 14 publications

References 31 publications

An Update on Reproduction in Yak and Mithun

An Update on Reproduction in Yak and Mithun

Electrochemical sandwich immunoassay for the peptide hormone prolactin using an electrode modified with graphene, single walled carbon nanotubes and antibody-coated gold nanoparticles

Isolation and cDNA characteristics ofMHC-DRAgenes from gayal (Bos frontalis) and gaytle (Bos frontalis×Bos taurus)

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