An Update on Reproduction in Yak and Mithun

Prakash, B.S.; Sarkar, Mihir; Mondal, Mohan

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01165.x

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…Currently, more than 90% of yaks in the world live in China, which provide local residents with meat, dairy products, service force, and fuel [2]. Unfortunately, compared to the vast majority of cattle living in the plains, yaks generally exhibit lower reproductive efficiency [3]. Unlike domestic cattle, grazing yaks are considered to be seasonal breeders with mating occurring only from July to October (warm season) [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Premating Calcium and Phosphorus Supplementation on Reproduction Efficiency of Grazing Yak Heifers

Zhou

Zhang

Xue

et al. 2021

Animals

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Reproductive efficiency is the main factor limiting yak production on the Tibet Plateau. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of supplementation with calcium chloride (CaCl) and monocalcium phosphate (MCP) for 30 days before breeding on body weight (BW) change, serum bone metabolism biomarkers, conception rate, and calving rate of grazing yaks. Ninety 3 year old yak heifers (153.05 ± 6.56 kg BW) were assigned to three treatments (n = 30 per treatment): grazing without supplementation (CONT), grazing plus calcium chloride supplementation (CaCl), and grazing plus monocalcium phosphate supplementation (MCP). Compared with the CONT group, supplementation with CaCl increased the serum concentrations of osteocalcin and decreased the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels (p < 0.05); supplementation with MCP increased the average daily gain (ADG), serum concentrations of phosphorus (P) and osteocalcin, conception rate, and calving rate (p < 0.05), whereas it decreased the serum concentrations of hydroxyproline, ALP, and calcitonin (p < 0.05). Both CaCl and MCP supplementation had no effect on serum calcium (Ca) concentration. The ADG, conception rate, and calving rate were higher in the MCP group than in the CaCl group (p < 0.05), while the serum concentrations of hydroxyproline and calcitonin were lower (p < 0.05). It could be concluded that premating supplementation with MCP increased the body weight gain and subsequent conception and calving rate of grazing yaks. Supplementation with MCP had a positive effect on body condition and bone metabolism, thus providing a better estrous condition for grazing yak heifers, which could contribute to enhancing reproduction efficiency.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Premating Calcium and Phosphorus Supplementation on Reproduction Efficiency of Grazing Yak Heifers

Zhou

Zhang

Xue

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…As a consequence, yak shows seasonality in its reproduction which may be attributed to the animal's body condition and nutritional status (Sarkar et al., 2006). Yak females generally breed during the summer season (July to November) when animals regain their body weight and attain good body condition through grazing lush pasture biomass after long period of deprivation and weight loss over the winter (Prakash et al., 2008). The circadian release of melatonin with 6 hr delays in its peak levels during breeding season, and presence of melatonin receptors in pineal, hypothalamus, pituitary and gonadal tissues of yak, further, indicates the role of melatonin in activating seasonal oestrus in this species (Huo & Long, 2014; Huo et al., 2019; Sarkar & Prakash, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body status and blood metabolites profiles during resumption of postpartum ovarian activity in yak (Poephagus grunniens)

Paul

Krishnan

Deori

et al. 2021

Reprod Domestic Animals

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We examined the changes in body weight (BW), back-fat thickness (BFT) and blood metabolites in relation to postpartum (PP) ovarian activity status in twenty female yaks raised under semi-intensive system. BFT and ovarian activities, like follicle development, ovulation (OV) and corpus luteum (CL) development, were monitored from 4 to 15 weeks (wk) PP using ultrasonography. Resumption of ovarian activity was confirmed with ovulation of dominant follicle (DF) and subsequent CL development, and >1 ng/ml progesterone concentration in blood plasma sample after 1week of ovulation. Yaks were further classified as cyclic (with CL), acyclic (without CL), and cystic (with >25 mm follicular cyst; FC). Within 20 weeks PP, 60% yaks resumed cyclic ovarian activity, while 25% failed to initiate cycling activity, and 15% developed follicular cysts. In all categories of yak, BW gradually decreased (p < .05) till nadir; however, nadir reached earlier (p < .05) in acyclic yaks. BFT differed (p < .05) among the yak groups, but it tended to be higher in cyclic yaks as compared to acyclic and cystic. No difference (p > .05) in non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) values was found among the different categories of yaks, whereas, beta-hydroxy butyrate (BHB) levels were higher in cystic animals as compared to acyclic and cyclic. Blood glucose levels decreased in all yaks during initial 2 weeks after calving. Our findings suggest that yaks with low BW, BFT and glucose levels, and higher BHB values were at risk of delayed resumption of ovarian activity and concomitant development of follicular cysts.

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“…Moreover, yaks are valuable livestock to the economy of the plateau region by providing meat, milk, and transport to the local herdsmen [4,5]. However, its growth rate is slower and reproductive ability is generally lower than cattle [6,7]. This may be due to the yak living in high altitudes all year round, where in the whole year, only grasses are available in July, August, and September, and from November to May, there is a scarcity of pastures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Concentrate Supplementation on the Expression Profile of miRNA in the Ovaries of Yak during Non-Breeding Season

Xie

Kalwar

Yan

et al. 2020

Animals

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Yak (Bos grunniens) is an important and remarkable livestock species that survives in the challenging environment of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. However, its growth rate is slower and reproductive potential is generally lower than cattle. Meanwhile, it has been reported that enhanced nutrition improves the reproductive efficiency of animals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of concentrate supplementation on the miRNA expression profile in the ovaries of yak during the non-breeding season. The study displayed that non-breeding season supplementation significantly improved growth performance, serum biochemical indicators, and reproductive hormone concentrations in yaks. In this study, we also examined the differential expression analysis of miRNA in the ovaries of yak during non-breeding seasons using Illumina Hiseq sequencing technology. As a result, 51 differentially expressed miRNAs were found in the experimental group (CS) and control group (CON). Gene Ontology (go) and Kyoto Genome Encyclopedia (KEGG) analysis of target genes showed that beta-alanine metabolism; tryptophan metabolism; sphingolipid metabolism; alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism; and the inositol phosphate metabolism pathway attracted our attention. Based on qRT-PCR, seven miRNAs were assessed to verify the accuracy of the library database. We predicted and identified potential miRNA target genes, including LEP, KLF7, VEGFA, GNAQ, GTAT6, and CCND2. miRNA and corresponding target genes may regulate yaks’ seasonal reproduction through their nutritional status. This study will provide an experimental basis for improving the reproductive efficiency of yaks by supplementation in the non-breeding season.

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An Update on Reproduction in Yak and Mithun

Cited by 29 publications

References 39 publications

Effects of Premating Calcium and Phosphorus Supplementation on Reproduction Efficiency of Grazing Yak Heifers

Effects of Premating Calcium and Phosphorus Supplementation on Reproduction Efficiency of Grazing Yak Heifers

Body status and blood metabolites profiles during resumption of postpartum ovarian activity in yak (Poephagus grunniens)

Effect of Concentrate Supplementation on the Expression Profile of miRNA in the Ovaries of Yak during Non-Breeding Season

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