Development and Validation of a Reversed-Phase HPLC Method for the Quantitative Determination of Ten Polyphenols Extracted from Apple Peel

Abstract

A method based on a reversed-phase HPLC method was established, optimized, and validated for the separation and quantitation of 10 polyphenols extracted from the peel of apple species. A bidentate reversed-phase C18 column was used as stationary phase, and an acidified water buffer and methanol were used as mobile phase. The polyphenols were well separated and detected using UV at 280 and 320 nm. Validation parameters, such as linearity, LOD, LOQ, accuracy, and precision, were acceptable for all 10 polyphenols. The proposed method has enough linearity with correlation coefficient >0.99 within the investigated range for all tested polyphenols. The LOD was 0.24 μg/mL for ellagic acid and <0.2 μg/mL for all other polyphenols. The LOQ was 9.39 × 10(-2) μg/mL for chlorogenic acid, and ellagic acid, 2.82 × 10(-2) μg/mL for caffeic acid and >0.1 μg/mL for all other polyphenols. Recovery was within the acceptable range from 98.38 to 100.39% for all polyphenols standards. Satisfactory precision was achieved for both intra- and interday assay, with RSD <2%. The method was successfully applied for simultaneous analysis of polyphenols from apple peel.

A comparison of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of several new early‐ to mid‐season apple cultivars for a warmer climate with traditional cultivars

“…Fuji apples contained lower chlorogenic acid levels (296.0 μg g −1 DW) than Fuji apples grown in the USA (449.0 μg g −1 DW) and higher chlorogenic acid levels than Fuji apples grown in China (243.5 μg g −1 DW) in the peel . Summer King and Hwangok apples had lower chlorogenic acid levels (57.3 and 27.8 μg g −1 DW, respectively) than Golden Delicious apples grown in Europe and the USA in the peel (84.8–370 μg g −1 DW), after correcting FW to DW on the basis of a 90% estimated moisture content …”

“…Yellow‐skinned apple cultivars Summer King and Hwangok apples contained higher epicatehin levels (184.8 and 405.7 μg g −1 DW, respectively) than Golden Delicious apples grown in the USA (71.2 μg g −1 DW) and China (172.8 μg g −1 DW) in the peel . The peel of Fuji apples contained lower catechin levels (242.4 μg g −1 DW) than the peel of Fuji apples grown in Europe (290–750 μg g −1 DW) and higher catechin levels than the peel of Fuji apples grown in China (17.3 μg g −1 DW), after correcting FW to DW on the basis of a 90% estimated moisture content.…”

Apple polyphenol biotransformation using probiotics in vitro and dynamic simulated digestion by bionic rats

“…Injection volume was 10 μL, mobile phase A was 1% acetic acid aqueous solution, mobile phase B was pure methanol, wavelengths were 280 and 320 nm, column temperature was 30 °C, and flow rate was 1 mL min −1 . The separation conditions were: 0–10 min: 5–30% B, 10–25 min: 30–50% B, 25–35 min: 50–70% B, and 35–40 min: 70–5% B 18 …”

“…The separation conditions were: 0-10 min: 5-30% B, 10-25 min: 30-50% B, 25-35 min: 50-70% B, and 35-40 min: 70-5% B. 18 The MS conditions 19 were: m/z 50-3000 full-scan range, electrospray ion source (dual electrospray ionization), positive ion scanning mode, and MS1 acquisition mode. The spray voltage was 35 psi, spray temperature was 300 °C, and the solvent gas flow rate was 8 L•min −1 .…”