Development and Validation of a Three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics Model of Root Canal Irrigation

Gao, Yuan; Haapasalo, Markus; Shen, Ya; Wu, Hongkun; Li, Bingdong; Ruse, N. Dorin; Zhou, Xuedong

doi:10.1016/j.joen.2009.06.018

Cited by 96 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…A strain gage signal conditioner was connected to the pressure transducer to sample the pressure measurements, and the output was sent to an oscilloscope (BK Precision, Yorba Linda, CA), providing 250 measurements per second. The range of apical pressures generated during positive pressure irrigation in this study showed excellent agreement with the range of pressures calculated for simulated irrigation at 6 mL/min using CFD analysis with the SST k-ω model in a previous study [ 108 ]. If the minimum and maximum apical pressure measurements calculated in this CFD study are converted into the pressure units used by Park et al [ 223 ] for a similar needle design and size, the apical pressure range is similar.…”

Section: Irrigation Pressure In the Apical Canalsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…In CFD studies, the use of an unsuitable turbulence model may lead to potential numerical errors in CFD results [ 218 ]. In a study by Gao et al [ 108 ], four turbulent models [low Reynolds k-ε, low Reynolds renormalization group k-ε, transitional fl ow k-ω, and transitional fl ow shear stress transport (SST) k-ω] were used to simulate root canal irrigation because these turbulent models are suitable for studying fl ow with low Re. The results showed that the SST k-ω turbulence model appeared to be the most suitable for the problem investigated.…”

Section: Mathematical Virtual Simulation Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Research on Irrigation: Methods and Models

Shen

Gao

Lin

et al. 2015

Endodontic Irrigation

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Irrigation is regarded by many as being the most important part of root canal treatment. It has several different functions and goals depending on the type of the irrigant used: irrigation reduces friction between the instrument and dentin, improves the cutting effectiveness of the fi les, and dissolves organic and inorganic matter. It also cools the tooth and the fi le; it has a washing effect and removes loose debris and bacteria from the canal. Last but not least, irrigation acts against root canal biofi lms. Irrigation is also the only way to impact those areas of the root canal wall not touched by mechanical instrumentation. The factors that remain a challenge in the irrigation and disinfection of the root canal include biofi lm resistance, poor penetration of the irrigant, and exchange of irrigants in the highly complex root canal anatomy. Progress in the search for better irrigants and irrigant delivery is necessary. A variety of different study models have been used in endodontic research on irrigation. One of the issues is how to make a rational choice for a study model that is relevant for the question at hand. This article presents an overview of the methods and models that have been used in endodontic literature to study irrigation.

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Section: Irrigation Pressure In the Apical Canalsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Mathematical Virtual Simulation Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Irrigation: Methods and Models

Shen

Gao

Lin

et al. 2015

Endodontic Irrigation

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“…The debridement efficacy of an irrigation delivery/agitation system depends on how well the irrigant reaches the apical region, the uninstrumented zones, and creates a strong enough current to carry the debris out of the root canal coronally. [6][7][8][9][10] Positive-pressure irrigation is the most common method of introducing the irrigant in the root canals. Negative-pressure irrigation has been introduced in 2004 recently with promising results for apical irrigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Apical Vapor Lock Formation and comparative Evaluation of its Elimination using Three different Techniques: An in vitro Study

Agarwal¹,

Deore²,

Rudagi³

et al. 2017

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

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Aim:The aim of this study was (i) to evaluate the formation of air bubbles in the apical region of root canal (apical vapor lock) during syringe irrigation, using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and (ii) comparative evaluation of the elimination of an established vapor lock by EndoActivator, ultrasonics, and manual dynamic agitation (MDA), using CBCT. Materials and methods:A total of 60 extracted human singlerooted teeth were equally divided into three groups of 20 teeth each. The samples were decoronated 17 mm from the apex, cleaned, and shaped to size F4 Protaper using 3% sodium hypochlorite. Samples were irrigated with 3% sodium hypochlorite + cesium chloride radiopaque dye, and preoperative CBCT images were obtained. After formation of apical vapor lock in the scanned teeth, EndoActivator (group I), passive ultrasonic irrigation (group II), and MDA with K-file (group III) were performed and the teeth were again placed in CBCT scanner and results analyzed using the chi-square test. Results:The apical vapor lock was formed in all the samples. Out of the 20 teeth in each group, the apical vapor lock was eliminated in 18 samples of EndoActivator group (90%), 16 samples of ultrasonic group (80%), while it was eliminated in 10 samples by MDA (50%). Conclusion:It is concluded that (1) apical vapor lock is consistently formed during endodontic irrigation in closed canal systems and (2) sonic activation performs better than the ultrasonics and MDA in eliminating the apical vapor lock, with statistically significant difference between all the three groups (p < 0.05). Clinical significance:The results suggest that the apical vapor lock (dead water zone) is consistently formed during routine

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“…Consequently, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) appear to be the most feasible method for studying the problem under consideration. Several studies confirmed the suitability of CFD for dental pulp study e.g., [13][14][15][16]. In a previous study [17], we have numerically investigated the delivery of bioactive therapeutic agents to the dentin-enamel junction (DEJ) through a typical dentin tubule that has no obstructions or alterations of any type.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Computational Modelling for Efficient Transdentinal Drug Delivery

Passos

Tziafas

Mouza

et al. 2017

Fluids

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This work deals with the numerical investigation of the delivery of potential therapeutic agents through dentinal discs (i.e., a cylindrical segment of the dentinal tissue) towards the dentin-pulp junction. The aim is to assess the main key features (i.e., molecular size, initial concentration, consumption rate, disc porosity and thickness) that affect the delivery of therapeutic substances to the dental pulp and consequently to define the necessary quantitative and qualitative issues related to a specific agent before its potential application in clinical practice. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code used for the numerical study is validated with relevant experimental data obtained using micro Laser Induced Fluorescence (µ-LIF) a non-intrusive optical measuring technique. As the phenomenon is diffusion dominated and strongly dependent on the molecular size, the time needed for the concentration of released molecules to attain a required value can be controlled by their initial concentration. Finally, a model is proposed which, given the maximum acceptable time for the drug concentration to attain a required value at the pulpal side of the tissue along with the aforementioned key design parameters, is able to estimate the initial concentration to be imposed and vice versa.

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Development and Validation of a Three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics Model of Root Canal Irrigation

Cited by 96 publications

References 31 publications

Research on Irrigation: Methods and Models

Research on Irrigation: Methods and Models

Evaluation of Apical Vapor Lock Formation and comparative Evaluation of its Elimination using Three different Techniques: An in vitro Study

Computational Modelling for Efficient Transdentinal Drug Delivery

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