Development and Validation of a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Determination of Cefquinome Concentrations in Sheep Plasma and Its Application to Pharmacokinetic Studies

Abstract

Cefquinome has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and was developed especially for use in animals. A simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with UV-visible detection for quantification of cefquinome concentrations in sheep plasma was developed and validated. Separation of cefquinome from plasma components was achieved on a Phenomenex Gemini C 18 column (250 mm by 4.6 mm; internal diameter [i.d.], 5 m). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in water and was delivered at a rate of 0.9 ml/min. A simple and rapid sample preparation involved the addition of methanol to 200 l of plasma to precipitate plasma proteins followed by direct injection of 50 l of supernatant into the high-performance liquid chromatography system. The linearity range of the proposed method was 0.02 to 12 g/ml. The intraday and interday coefficients of variation obtained from cefquinome were less than 5%, and biases ranged from ؊3.76% to 1.24%. Mean recovery based on low-, medium-, and high-quality control standards ranged between 92.0 and 93.9%. Plasma samples were found to be stable in various storage conditions (freeze-thaw, postpreparative, short-term, and long-term stability). The method described was found to be readily available, practicable, cheap, rapid, sensitive, precise, and accurate. It was successfully applied to the study of the pharmacokinetics of cefquinome in sheep. This method can be very useful and an alternate to performing pharmacokinetic studies in the determination of cefquinome for clinical use.

Influence of the Injection Site on the Pharmacokinetics of Cefquinome Following Intramuscular Injection in Piglets

“…Cefquinome was rapidly and almost completely absorbed (F, 103.04 ± 13.01% vs. 97.56 ± 16.14%, P>0.05) following i.m. injection into two different injection sites, which is consistent with the results in ducks, rabbits, wild boars and sheep [10,14,18,21]. In addition, this result was similar to that in a previous report in piglets after a single i.m.…”

“…This was similar to the findings for other species, the t 1/2λz and Cl of cefquinome ranged from 0.78 to 1.64 hr and 0.18 to 0.34 l/kg/hr in sheep, rabbits, wild boars and duck indicating the rapid elimination of cefquinome after i.v. injection [10,13,14,18,21]. The V ss of cefquinome in this study was 0.25 ± 0.04 l/kg, which was similar to the reported values of 0.23 l/kg in calves, 0.21 l/kg in rabbits and 0.21 l/kg in horses [10,13,19].…”

Pharmacokinetics of cefquinome in red‐eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans) after single intravenous and intramuscular injections

“…CFQ could potentially be used for the treatment of many turtle diseases. Pharmacokinetic studies of CFQ have been investigated in salmon (San Martín, Bataglia, Hernández, Quiroz, & Cañon, ), camels (Al‐Taher, ), rabbits (Hwang et al., ), sheep (Tohamy, ; Uney, Altan, & Elmas, ), ducks (Yuan et al., ), ponies (Smiet, Haritova, Heil, Fink‐Gremmels, & Wijnberg, ), cross‐bred wild boars (Liu et al., ), chickens (Xie, Zhang, Wang, & Du, ), pigs (Zhao et al., ), cattle (Shan et al., ), tilapia (Shan et al., ), dogs (Zhang et al., ), buffalo calves (Venkatachalam & Dumka, ), and horses (Uney et al., ). These studies have reported favorable pharmacokinetic features of CFQ, such as good absorption, high bioavailability, and primary elimination via the kidney.…”

Plasma and synovial fluid pharmacokinetics of cefquinome following the administration of multiple doses in horses

“…The HPLC procedure was based on the method reported by Uney et al . (). Chromatography employed a Gemini™ C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm; Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA) and a linear gradient of acetonitrile in water with a constant 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid solution at a flow rate of 0.9 mL/min.…”