Development and validation of a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry assay for hair analysis of amphetamine, methamphetamine and methylenedioxy derivatives

Pujadas, Mitona; Pichini, Simona; Poudevida, Sandra; Menoyo, Ester; Zuccaro, Piergiorgio; Farré, Magı́; Torre, Rafael de la

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.09.056

Cited by 66 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Drug classes screened included: cannabis, ecstasy, cocaine, and amphetamine/methamphetamine. Drug screens were performed also in hair samples by segmental analysis (last month and previous 6 months) for the same drug classes in order to verify self-reported drug consumption history following methods previously published (Pichini et al 2006;Pujadas et al 2003). This procedure allowed us to reliably classify participants into the different subgroups according to the pattern of drug use (ecstasy/cannabis vs. cannabis).…”

Section: Test Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auditory event-related potentials (P3) and cognitive performance in recreational ecstasy polydrug users: evidence from a 12-month longitudinal study

et al. 2008

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Section: Test Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auditory event-related potentials (P3) and cognitive performance in recreational ecstasy polydrug users: evidence from a 12-month longitudinal study

et al. 2008

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“…After extraction with t-butyl methyl ether and SPE, amphetamines have been derivatized with MBTFA and separated on a 5% phenylmethylsilicone column. (22) On-line flash injection of extracted amphetamines with MBTFA provided GC/MS separation and identification of 12 compounds at limits of detection of 2.5-6.9 ng mL −1 . (23) Perfluoro acid anhydrides [R (C=O)-O(C=O)R ], such as trifluoro-, pentafluoro-, and heptafluoro-acid anhydride (TFAA, trifluoroacetic anhydride; PFAA, pentafluoropropionic anhydride; HFAA, heptafluorobutyric anhydride) react readily with alcohols, phenols, and urine for the preparation of perfluoroacyl derivatives, which are particularly useful for EC detection ( Table 2, reagent 2).…”

Section: Acylationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Reagents and Derivatization Procedures in Drug Analysis

Danielson

Gallagher

Bao

2008

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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This article describes both pre‐ and postcolumn derivatization chemistry used in conjunction with either chromatography or capillary electrophoresis (CE) to facilitate the determination of drugs. Generally, only prederivatization is used in gas chromatography (GC), principally to enhance the volatility, temperature stability, and/or detectability. The GC section considers derivatization of drugs by reagent class: alkylation, acylation, and silylation. The GC sample‐handling section describes an approach that combines the extraction and derivatization steps together. Both pre‐ and postcolumn derivatization are common approaches for high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and many of these methods have been adapted for CE. Derivatization for HPLC is often directed toward aliphatic amines, carboxylic acids, or alcohols that are difficult to detect at low levels by absorbance, luminescence, or electrochemical means. In addition, small hydrophilic molecules upon prederivatization are often converted into larger more hydrophobic compounds, making reversed‐phase HPLC easier or even feasible. The HPLC section considers derivatization of drugs based on the following types: alkaloids, amines, antibiotics, barbiturates, carbonyl compounds and carboxylic acids, catecholamines, hydroxy compounds, steroids, and sulfur compounds. For the GC and HPLC sections, tables are included, giving the structures of the more important derivatizing agents, the analytes, and the corresponding reaction products. A brief rationale for derivatization chemistry with CE concludes this article. For CE, derivatization is often done to improve detectability as the path length for absorbance detection is very short and fluorescence can be effective using laser‐based systems.

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“…There have been several reports of studies for their determination in human hair. Analytical methods have used high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (8)(9)(10)(11)(12), gas chromatography (GC) (13), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24), capillary electrophoresis (25,26), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (22,(27)(28)(29). Because of its specificity and sensitivity, gas chromatography-low-resolution mass spectrometric (GC-LRMS) method with the selected ion monitoring technique was routinely employed for the determination of methamphetamine abuse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometric Method for Determination of Methamphetamine and its Major Metabolite Amphetamine in Human Hair

Kim

Suh

et al. 2005

Journal of Analytical Toxicology

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]Gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometric (GC-HRMS) method is presented for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of methamphetamine (MA) and its major metabolite, amphetamine (AMP), in human hair. The method procedure involves decontamination of hair with distilled water and acetone, acidic hydrolysis and extraction in the presence of the internal standard, and GC-HRMS selective ion monitoring (SIM) analysis. The limits of detection (LOD) were 9 pg/mg for MA and 21 pg/mg for AMP using a 30-mg hair sample, and the SIM responses were linear with coefficients of correlation ranged from 0.9998 to 0.9999. The recoveries were found to be 91.1-92.3%. By using HRMS (resolution of 5000), detection sensitivity is improved because of the elimination of the biological background, and the LODs for MA and AMP were 2.4-4.4 times lower than those of low-resolution MS. The GC-HRMS method was successfully applied to the analysis of cosmetically treated hair, which is difficult to analyze with the conventional method.

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Development and validation of a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry assay for hair analysis of amphetamine, methamphetamine and methylenedioxy derivatives

Cited by 66 publications

References 24 publications

Auditory event-related potentials (P3) and cognitive performance in recreational ecstasy polydrug users: evidence from a 12-month longitudinal study

Auditory event-related potentials (P3) and cognitive performance in recreational ecstasy polydrug users: evidence from a 12-month longitudinal study

Chemical Reagents and Derivatization Procedures in Drug Analysis

Gas Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometric Method for Determination of Methamphetamine and its Major Metabolite Amphetamine in Human Hair

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