Gas Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometric Method for Determination of Methamphetamine and its Major Metabolite Amphetamine in Human Hair

Kim, Jin Young; Suh, Sung Ill; In, Moon Kyo; Chung, Bong Chul

doi:10.1093/jat/29.5.370

Cited by 10 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 41 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…20 Thus, in this study, we used hair samples, which are obtained non-invasively and easily stored in a dry environment for several months. Over the years, we found that hair samples provide valuable physiological information on endogenous metabolites including steroids, 21,22 estrogens, 23,24 amphetamine metabolites 25 and cholesterol. 26 Thus, we assessed the potential of hair samples as a biological sample to analyze polyamines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered polyamine profiling in the hair of patients with androgenic alopecia and alopecia areata

Lee

Lew²,

Sim³

et al. 2019

The Journal of Dermatology

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Hair follicles are among the most highly proliferative tissues. Polyamines are associated with proliferation, and several polyamines including spermidine and spermine play anti‐inflammatory roles. Androgenic alopecia results from increased dihydrotestosterone metabolism, and alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease. This study aimed to investigate differences in polyamine profiles in hair samples between patients with androgenic alopecia and alopecia areata. Polyamine concentrations were determined through high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Hair samples were derivatized with isobutyl chloroformate. Differences in polyamine levels were observed between androgenic alopecia and alopecia areata compared with normal controls. In particular, polyamine levels were higher in alopecia areata patients than in normal controls. Certain polyamines displayed different concentrations between the androgenic alopecia and alopecia areata groups, suggesting that some polyamines, particularly N‐acetyl putrescine (P = 0.007) and N‐acetyl cadaverine (P = 0.0021), are significantly different in androgenic alopecia. Furthermore, spermidine (P = 0.021) was significantly different in alopecia areata. Our findings suggest that non‐invasive quantification of hair polyamines may help distinguish between androgenic alopecia and alopecia areata. Our study provides novel insights into physiological alterations in patients with androgenic alopecia and those with alopecia areata and reveals some differences in polyamine levels in hair loss diseases with two different modes of action.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered polyamine profiling in the hair of patients with androgenic alopecia and alopecia areata

Lee

Lew²,

Sim³

et al. 2019

The Journal of Dermatology

Self Cite

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Biomarkers of Alcohol and other Drug use

Stewart

Goldmann

Neumann

et al. 2010

Addiction Research Methods

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Determination of amphetamines in hair samples using microextraction by packed sorbent and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Pires,

Simão,

Rosado

et al. 2024

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Several protocols for the analysis of amphetamine‐type stimulants (ATS) in hair have been developed over the years, with microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) being used for drugs like opiates, cocaine and ketamine. However, concerning ATS determination in hair samples, this approach has only been applied so far to amphetamine (AMP) and methamphetamine (MAMP). This study aimed at developing and validating a MEPS‐based procedure for the determination in hair of not only AMP and MAMP but also of 3,4‐methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 1‐(1,3‐benzodioxol‐5‐yl)propan‐2‐yl (ethyl)amine (MDE) and N‐methyl‐1‐(1,3‐benzodioxol‐5‐yl)‐2‐aminobutane (MBDB) as well.Hair, 50 mg, was incubated with 1 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at 45°C overnight, neutralization with 10 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) and centrifugation followed. The design of experiments approach was used for MEPS optimization, with the final optimized conditions including conditioning (250 μL methanol and deionized water), loading (18 × 100 μL) and elution (7 × 100 μL 2% NH4OH in acetonitrile). The eluted extract was evaporated to dryness and underwent microwave‐assisted derivatization with N‐methyl‐bis(trifluoroacetamide) (MBTFA), and it was afterwards injected onto the gas chromatography–mass spectrometer (GC–MS).The obtained recoveries ranged between 8% and 14% for AMP, 14% and 20% for MAMP, 10% and 15% for MDA, 18% and 28% for MDMA, 25% and 43% for MDE and 34% and 52% for MBDB, and the method was linear from 0.2 to 5.0 ng/mg. Precision and accuracy were in accordance with international method validation guidelines. This novel method involving MEPS coupled to GC–MS offers a swift, eco‐friendly and cost‐effective alternative to traditional procedures for detecting these AMPs in hair samples.

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Gas Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometric Method for Determination of Methamphetamine and its Major Metabolite Amphetamine in Human Hair

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

Altered polyamine profiling in the hair of patients with androgenic alopecia and alopecia areata

Altered polyamine profiling in the hair of patients with androgenic alopecia and alopecia areata

Biomarkers of Alcohol and other Drug use

Determination of amphetamines in hair samples using microextraction by packed sorbent and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

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