Development and validation of a reliable LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of deoxynivalenol and T-2 toxin in maize and oats

Type B Trichothecenes in Cereal Grains and Their Products: Recent Advances on Occurrence, Toxicology, Analysis and Post-Harvest Decontamination Strategies

“…Both extraction solvents achieved satisfactory recoveries for all target mycotoxins; however, the acetonitrile/water (84/16, v / v ) mixture yielded a cleaner sample extract than the acetonitrile/water (50/50, v / v ) mixture. The same findings were also observed in other similar studies for the extraction of trichothecenes from grains [ 172 , 188 , 189 ]. On the other hand, type B trichothecenes are water-soluble mycotoxins, and therefore distilled or deionized water has been frequently employed as an extraction solvent for immunochemical and other methods, which also exhibits good results for DON recovery [ 190 , 191 ].…”

“…Many factors must be carefully considered such as sample collection, handling, storage, and particularly the sample preparation process. Generally, the development of suitable sample preparation methodologies is often recognized as the most challenging step in the entire analytical chain because it remains the most labor-intensive and bias-prone step [ 170 , 171 , 172 , 173 ]. At present, a broad spectrum of extraction and clean-up procedures has been developed for type B trichothecenes to separate these mycotoxins from solid food matrices into a liquid phase and to enable their purification and enrichment before analysis.…”

“…When sample analysis includes multiple mycotoxins, even from different families, SPEs and MFCs are more suitable and rather efficient. Currently, SPE and MFC-based approaches have gained more popularity due to their wide range of selectivity, high enrichment factor, simplicity, less solvent consumption, as well as effective elimination of matrix interferences [ 172 ]. Various adsorbent materials have been commercially available, including charcoal, silica, modified silica, Florisil (magnesium silicate), silica-based octadecyl silane (C18), polymers, ion-exchange resins, Celite, aluminum oxide, charcoal–alumina, NH 2 , and the selection of the proper sorbent is mainly governed by several parameters, including the nature of analytes, food matrix, extraction solvent and co-extractive interference components that could be existing in the sample extract [ 166 , 203 , 204 ].…”

Nivalenol Mycotoxin Concerns in Foods: An Overview on Occurrence, Impact on Human and Animal Health and Its Detection and Management Strategies

“…Combining non-selective extraction procedures with mass screening by HRMS or MS/MS enabled the discovery of masked mycotoxins [146]. Instrumental techniques, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC/UV) [91], thin-layer chromatography (TLC) [153], HPLC [58], and LC-MS/MS [154], are the most often used conventional approaches for the detection of NIV.…”

Development of Indirect Competitive ELISA and Visualized Multicolor ELISA Based on Gold Nanorods Growth for the Determination of Zearalenone

“…Currently, traditional instrumental methods based on liquid chromatography (LC), gas chromatography (GC), and mass spectrometry (MS) have been widely applied in the detection of ZEN contaminant in foods and animal feed samples [15][16][17][18][19][20]. However, these techniques require sophisticated instruments, professional and experienced operators, and long test time, which limits the practical application to a certain extent.…”