Development and testing of fast curing, mineral-impregnated carbon fiber (MCF) reinforcements based on metakaolin-made geopolymers

Zhao, Jitong; Liebscher, Marco; Michel, Albert; Junger, Dominik; Trindade, Ana Carolina Constâncio; Silva, Flávio de Andrade

doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2020.103898

Cited by 36 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The composition of the impregnation suspension is listed in Table . The slurry was prepared by mixing MK with potassium silicate solution at an activator liquid (AL) to MK ratio of 1.86 through a high-speed disperser IKA T50 digital ULTRA TURAXX at 7000 rpm, which has been described in ref . Mixing was first carried out for 2 min, and then the SP was added while constantly stirring for an additional 5 min, finally reaching a homogeneous status with favorable workability.…”

Section: Experimental Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The outgrowth of the existing literature has been a number of proposals of alternative binder concepts utilizing GP as impregnation materials for temperature-resistant fiber composites and as alternative binders to develop sustainable, fine-grained concrete materials. Compared to cement-based impregnations, the use of GP impregnation combines unique properties and structural characteristics of polymers, ceramics, and cements, allowing a wider processing window for continuous production and rapid setting with high early strength by directed low-temperature synthesis , and even possible chemical bonding at the interfacial region with the CF . The good mechanical response of continuous-fiber GP composites under temperatures ranging above 200 °C has been demonstrated in several earlier investigations, − targeting solely high-tech automotive or aerospace applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature-Dependent Pullout Behavior of Geopolymer Concrete Reinforced with Polymer- or Mineral-Impregnated Carbon Fiber Composites: An Experimental and Numerical Study

Zhao

Liebscher

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Despite significant advantages, large-scale use of carbon-reinforced concrete has been hitherto limited due to insufficient thermal resistance and chemical compatibility with cementitious materials. In this regard, mineral-impregnated carbon fibers (MCFs) made with a geopolymer (GP) are a promising, novel reinforcement for GP concrete, making cement-free, lightweight, fireproof, and durable structures. This paper is envisaged to study the temperature-dependent pullout behavior of MCFs in GP concrete and for a comparison with a commercial, epoxy-impregnated product. The experimental results showed comparable load-transferring capacity and post-crack behavior at ambient temperature but better bonding quality at elevated temperatures for MCFs. These were explained by the material structures, failure patterns, and thermal behavior of the yarns and GP concrete, as characterized by micro-tomography, microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and mercury intrusion porosimetry. Finally, a three-dimensional, finite element model was used to simulate and predict the pull-out process through a combined discrete cohesive zone model and smeared phase-field method in a representative crack element framework. With proper parametric calibrations, evident agreement between numerical and experimental results was gained.

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Section: Experimental Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature-Dependent Pullout Behavior of Geopolymer Concrete Reinforced with Polymer- or Mineral-Impregnated Carbon Fiber Composites: An Experimental and Numerical Study

Zhao

Liebscher

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…However, previous experimental and numerical investigations showed that the interphase region between obstacle and embedding host plays a tremendous role for the wave propagation. Herein, the interphase is caused by e. g. curing processes as they occur in FML, carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP) or reinforced steel Matonis (1969); Zhao et al (2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A numerical study on planar gradient acoustic impedance matching for guided ultrasonic wave detection

Rottmann

Roloff

Rauter

et al. 2023

Journal of Vibration and Control

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Increasing the service-life of engineering structures such as aeroplanes is a major issue in order to enhance their cost-effectiveness and to reduce the carbon footprint. One possibility to achieve this goal is to determine the current structural health state and to derive respective measures in order to increase the structure’s technical reliability. For doing so, a structural health monitoring system consisting of both an actuator and a sensor network may be applied. Whereas the actuator induces a wave field of guided ultrasonic waves, the measuring data of the sensors allows to determine the health state of the respective structure. However, both actuators and sensors in most cases distort these wave fields. This distortion may lead to false-detection of damage: both the number and severity of damage may be over- or underestimated. The former leads to an unnecessary high effort for retrofitting the structure, whereas the latter reduces the structure’s technical reliability. Several measures exist in order to avoid such false-detections. In the present contribution, focus is set on reducing the distortion of the wave field which is caused by an embedded sensor. The reduced distortion of the wave field is achieved by an acoustic impedance matching with a functionally graded material which is based on a mechanical model. The approach additionally results in amplified measuring signals of the sensor. The applicability of the proposed approach is shown by means of a numerical study.

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“…The fiber reinforcement, however, has proven to be tremendously beneficial not only related to strength gains, but also to the GP ductility, showing potential applications for extreme environments, such as dynamic loading 7 and long-term performance under ambient 8 and hightemperature conditions, 9 due to efficient cracking bridging and fiber-matrix interfacial mechanisms. Steel, 10 carbon, 11 basalt, 5,9 glass, 12 and polymeric 7 fibers have been extensively explored in short randomly distributed or aligned textile forms in GP composites, showing a wide range of mechanical performances. Natural fibers, however, have been used to produce a more sustainable "green" GP composite, with similar or even improved performance than those of synthetic fibers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of alkaline treatment on the mechanical performance of geopolymer composites reinforced with Brazilian malva and curaua fibers

2022

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Lignocellulosic fibers obtained from the curaua (Ananas erectifolius) and malva (Malva sylvestris) plants in Brazil can be used as suitable reinforcements for geopolymers (GPs) owing to their high strength, ready regional availability, and low cost. In this work, the tensile and flexural strengths of untreated and NaOH alkali‐treated curaua and malva fiber‐reinforced GP composites were measured according to ASTM standards. Curaua reinforced GP composites had an average tensile strength of 25.7 (±) 7.1 MPa and flexural strength of 18.9 (±) 4.72 MPa. Malva GP composites withstood 19.18 (±) 9.0 MPa in tension and 31.5 (±) 7.6 MPa in flexure. Additionally, pullout tests were performed to investigate the debonding mechanisms for both fibers, with and without alkaline treatment, finding increases in chemical bonding for the treated samples due to roughness enhancements through fiber surface modifications with alkali treatment. Thermogravimetric analysis and X‐ray diffraction were used to characterize the physical fiber modifications after alkali treatment, evidencing lignin and hemicellulose removals. Scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy were used to further examine the fiber–matrix interaction, with proofs of interfacial tailoring.

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Development and testing of fast curing, mineral-impregnated carbon fiber (MCF) reinforcements based on metakaolin-made geopolymers

Cited by 36 publications

References 49 publications

Temperature-Dependent Pullout Behavior of Geopolymer Concrete Reinforced with Polymer- or Mineral-Impregnated Carbon Fiber Composites: An Experimental and Numerical Study

Temperature-Dependent Pullout Behavior of Geopolymer Concrete Reinforced with Polymer- or Mineral-Impregnated Carbon Fiber Composites: An Experimental and Numerical Study

A numerical study on planar gradient acoustic impedance matching for guided ultrasonic wave detection

The influence of alkaline treatment on the mechanical performance of geopolymer composites reinforced with Brazilian malva and curaua fibers

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