Development and Survival of Orius insidiosus (Say) Nymphs on Encapsulated Bee Pollen-Based Diet in a Tier-I Toxicity Assay

The spectrum of insecticidal activity of Cry51Aa2.834_16 protein targeting hemipteran and thysanopteran insect pests in cotton was characterized by selecting and screening multiple pest and non-pest species, based on representation of ecological functional groups, taxonomic relatedness (e.g. relationship to species where activity was observed), and availability for effective testing. Seven invertebrate orders, comprising 12 families and 17 representative species were screened for susceptibility to Cry51Aa2.834_16 protein and/or the ability of the protein to protect against feeding damage in laboratory, controlled environments (e.g. greenhouse/growth chamber), and/or field studies when present in cotton plants. The screening results presented for Cry51Aa2.834_16 demonstrate selective and limited activity within three insect orders. Other than Orius insidiosus, no activity was observed for Cry51Aa2.834_16 against several groups of arthropods that perform key ecological roles in some agricultural ecosystems (e.g. pollinators, decomposers, and natural enemies).

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“…Bioassay methods and insect handling procedures for O . insidiosus generally followed those as described in Tan et al, [43]. Five-day old O .…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 61%

Characterization of the Activity Spectrum of MON 88702 and the Plant-Incorporated Protectant Cry51Aa2.834_16

et al. 2017

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“…Tier-1 assays have been used to evaluate the risks to NTOs of various Bt Cry proteins, lectins and some protease inhibitors. The test NTOs in these assays have included the honey bee (Aphis mellifera L.) (Babendreier et al, 2005;Hendriksma et al, 2011Hendriksma et al, , 2012, a solitary bee (Osmia bicornis L.) (Konrad et al, 2008), a bumble bee (Bombus terrestris L.) , ground beetles (e.g., Poecilus cupreus L.) (Duan et al, 2005;Stacey et al, 2006), ladybird beetles (e.g., Coleomegilla maculata De Geer, Adalia bipunctata L. and Coccinella septempunctata L.) (Li et al, 2011b;Álvarez-Alfageme et al, 2011Álvarez-Alfageme et al, , 2012, lacewings (e.g., Chrysoperla carnea Stephen and Chrysoperla sinica Tjeder) (Romeis et al, 2004;Lawo & Romeis, 2008;Li et al, 2008;Wang et al, 2012), the insidious flower bug (Orius insidiosus Say) (Duan et al, 2008a;Tan et al, 2011) and others. In the following sections, we discuss several key points that should be considered in the development of a sound Tier-1 assay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tier‐1 assays for assessing the toxicity of insecticidal proteins produced by genetically engineered plants to non‐target arthropods

Romeis

et al. 2013

Insect Science

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In assessing an insect-resistant genetically engineered (IRGE) crop before its commercialization, researchers normally use so-called "Tier-1 assays" as the initial step to determine the effects of the crop on non-target organisms. In these tests, the insecticidal proteins (IPs) produced by the IRGEs are added to the diets of test organisms in the laboratory. Test organisms in such assays can be directly exposed to much higher concentrations of the test IPs than they would encounter in the field. The results of Tier-1 assays are thus more conservative than those generated in studies in which the organisms are exposed to the IPs by feeding on IRGE plant tissue or in the case of predators or parasites, by feeding on invertebrate prey or hosts that have fed on IRGE plant tissue. In this report, we consider three important factors that must be considered in Tier-1 assays: (i) methods for delivery of the IP to the test organisms; (ii) the need for and selection of compounds used as positive controls; and (iii) methods for monitoring the concentration, stability and bioactivity of the IP during the assay. We also analyze the existing data from Tier-1 assays regarding the toxicity of Bt Cry proteins to non-target arthropod species. The data indicate that the widely used Bt proteins have no direct toxicity to non-target organisms.

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“…In a similar assemblage of Meligethes species recorded on fl owers of oilseed rape (Brassica napus Linnaeus), M. aeneus accounts for 71-97% of samples of these beetles collected at different localities in the Czech Republic (Toth et al, 2013). Among the Heteroptera, some Orius species are facultative pollinivores, particularly in early spring, and can even complete their development on a pollen diet (Lattin, 2000;Tan et al, 2011). Thrips occupy fl owers when they produce pollen (Kirk, 1984(Kirk, , 1987, which they consume.…”

Section: Byturusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arthropod fauna recorded in flowers of apomictic Taraxacum section Ruderalia

Honěk¹,

Martinková²,

Skuhrovec³

et al. 2016

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. Flowers of dicotyledonous plants host communities of arthropod species. We studied the community associated with dandelion (Taraxacum section Ruderalia), a complex of apomictic micro-species abundant in central Europe. Identifi cation of microspecies in the fi eld was impracticable. These plants produce an abundance of fl owers that host arthropod communities that are not yet fully documented. We investigated species occurrence, its diurnal and seasonal variation and some of the factors that determine the abundance of the dominant species. Insect and spiders were collected from 2010 to 2012 at a locality in Prague. Whole capitula were harvested at weekly intervals and resident arthropods were identifi ed. Diurnal variation in insect presence and the effect of pollen and microclimate on some of the species were also examined. The insect community (> 200 species) consisted mainly of species of Hymenoptera (86 spp.), Coleoptera (56 spp.), Diptera (46 spp.) and Heteroptera (23 spp.). The most abundant were Thysanoptera (2 spp.). Pollen eaters/collectors and nectar feeders dominated over predators and occasional visitors. From April to mid-August, the insect community was dominated by Coleoptera, and later by Diptera and Hymenoptera. Except for Meligethes spp. and species breeding in the capitula, the insects occupied fl owers during the daytime when the fl owers were open (10-12 h in spring and only 2-4 h in late summer). The presence of Meligethes spp. in particular fl owers was associated with the presence of pollen; the occurrence of Byturus ochraceus with pollen and fl ower temperature. Although pollination is not necessary, dandelion plants produce both nectar and pollen. The community of arthropods that visit dandelion fl owers is rich despite their being ephemeral. The composition of local faunas of fl ower visitors, presence of fl oral rewards and fl ower microclimate are important factors determining the composition of the fl ower community.

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Development and Survival of Orius insidiosus (Say) Nymphs on Encapsulated Bee Pollen-Based Diet in a Tier-I Toxicity Assay

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Characterization of the Activity Spectrum of MON 88702 and the Plant-Incorporated Protectant Cry51Aa2.834_16

Characterization of the Activity Spectrum of MON 88702 and the Plant-Incorporated Protectant Cry51Aa2.834_16

Tier‐1 assays for assessing the toxicity of insecticidal proteins produced by genetically engineered plants to non‐target arthropods

Arthropod fauna recorded in flowers of apomictic Taraxacum section Ruderalia

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