Development and reproductive potential of Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Acari: Acaridae) on plant-parasitic nematodes and artificial diets

El-Atta, Doaa Abd El-Maksoud Abou; Osman, M. A.

doi:10.1007/s10493-015-0002-5

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The mite T. putrescentiae is a ubiquitous species living in various natural habitats, such as soil, that decomposes plant materials and vertebrate nests; T. putrescentiae is also very common in human-created habitats, infesting various commodities, such as wheat, oil seeds, cheese, dried ham, dried fruits, mushrooms and grain debris ( Hughes, 1976 ), as well as dog food ( Brazis et al, 2008 ) and fungal, plant and insect cultures in laboratories ( Walter et al, 1986 ; Duek et al, 2001 ). Moreover, Tyrophagus mites have been reported to feed on nematodes ( Walter et al, 1986 ; Abou El-Atta and Osman, 2016 ), and related species, namely, T. similis and T. curvipenis , can feed on plant leaves in greenhouses ( Fain and Fauvel, 1993 ; Jung et al, 2010 ). These mites can spread dangerous fungi (e.g., those developing on grain) by carrying fungal spores on their bodies, in the digestive system, or in feces ( Griffiths et al, 1959 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Populations of Mites (Tyrophagus putrescentiae) Differ in Response to Feeding on Feces-Containing Diets

et al. 2018

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Background: Tyrophagus putrescentiae is a ubiquitous mite species in soil, stored products and house dust and infests food and causes allergies in people. T. putrescentiae populations harbor different bacterial communities, including intracellular symbionts and gut bacteria. The spread of microorganisms via the fecal pellets of T. putrescentiae is a possibility that has not been studied in detail but may be an important means by which gut bacteria colonize subsequent generations of mites. Feces in soil may be a vector for the spread of microorganisms.Methods: Extracts from used mite culture medium (i.e., residual food, mite feces, and dead mite bodies) were used as a source of feces-inhabiting microorganisms as food for the mites. Two T. putrescentiae populations (L and P) were used for experiments, and they hosted the intracellular bacteria Cardinium and Wolbachia, respectively. The effects of the fecal fraction on respiration in a mite microcosm, mite nutrient contents, population growth and microbiome composition were evaluated.Results: Feces from the P population comprised more than 90% Bartonella-like sequences. Feces from the L population feces hosted Staphylococcus, Virgibacillus, Brevibacterium, Enterobacteriaceae, and Bacillus. The mites from the P population, but not the L population, exhibited increased bacterial respiration in the microcosms in comparison to no-mite controls. Both L- and P-feces extracts had an inhibitory effect on the respiration of the microcosms, indicating antagonistic interactions within feces-associated bacteria. The mite microbiomes were resistant to the acquisition of new bacterial species from the feces, but their bacterial profiles were affected. Feeding of P mites on P-feces-enriched diets resulted in an increase in Bartonella abundance from 6 to 20% of the total bacterial sequences and a decrease in Bacillus abundance. The population growth was fivefold accelerated on P-feces extracts in comparison to the control.Conclusion: The mite microbiome, to a certain extent, resists the acquisition of new bacteria when mites are fed on feces of the same species. However, a Bartonella-like bacteria-feces-enriched diet seems to be beneficial for mite populations with symbiotic Bartonella-like bacteria. Coprophagy on the feces of its own population may be a mechanism of bacterial acquisition in T. putrescentiae.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Populations of Mites (Tyrophagus putrescentiae) Differ in Response to Feeding on Feces-Containing Diets

et al. 2018

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“…Tyrophagus putrescentiae (T9 [‘B’], T13 [‘A’]) being classed as a microsaprophage matches its known complicated feeding relationship with nematodes, fungi and near symbiotic bacteria (Brust and House 1988 ; Bilgrami and Tahseen 1992 ; Evans et al. 1961 ; El-Atta and Osman 2016 ; Smrž et al. 2016 and many other references therein).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each species' individuals in grey within black design space. a Meat, b Not meat, c Cheese, d Not cheese, e Dust, f Not dust, g Hard, h Not hard relationship with nematodes, fungi and near symbiotic bacteria (Brust and House 1988;Bilgrami and Tahseen 1992;Evans et al 1961;El-Atta and Osman 2016;Smrž et al 2016 and many other references therein). Tyrophagus similis is known to eat nematodes, fungi and algae; Walter (1987).…”

Section: How Do Astigmatid Designs ( D ) Relate To What Is Known Of Other Mites?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cheliceral chelal design in free-living astigmatid mites

Bowman

2021

Exp Appl Acarol

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Cheliceral chelal design in free-living astigmatid mites (Arthropoda: Acari) is reviewed within a mechanical model. Trophic access (body size and cheliceral reach) and food morsel handling (chelal gape and estimated static adductive crushing force) are morphologically investigated. Forty-seven commonly occurring astigmatid mite species from 20 genera (covering the Acaridae, Aeroglyphidae, Carpoglyphidae, Chortoglyphidae, Glycyphagidae, Lardoglyphidae, Pyroglyphidae, Suidasiidae, and Winterschmidtiidae) are categorised into functional groups using heuristics. Conclusions are confirmed with statistical tests and multivariate morphometrics. Despite these saprophagous acarines in general being simple ‘shrunken/swollen’ versions of each other, clear statistical correlations in the specifics of their mechanical design (cheliceral and chelal scale and general shape) with the type of habitat and food consumed (their ‘biome’) are found. Using multivariate analyses, macro- and microsaprophagous subtypes are delineated. Relative ratios of sizes on their own are not highly informative of adaptive syndromes. Sympatric resource competition is examined. Evidence for a maximum doubling of approximate body volume within nominal taxa is detected but larger mites are not more ‘generalist’ feeding types. Two contrasting types of basic ‘Bauplan’ are found differing in general scale: (i) a large, chunk-crunching, ‘demolition’-feeding omnivore design (comprising 10 macrosaprophagous astigmatid species), and (ii) a small selective picking, squashing/slicing or fragmentary/‘plankton’ feeding design (which may indicate obligate fungivory/microbivory) comprising 20 microsaprophagous acarid-shaped species. Seventeen other species appear to be specialists. Eleven of these are either: small (interstitial/burrowing) omnivores—or a derived form designed for processing large hard food morsels (debris durophagy, typified by the pyroglyphid Dermatophagoides farinae), or a specialist sub-type of particular surface gleaning/scraping fragmentary feeding. Six possible other minor specialist gleaning/scraping fragmentary feeders types each comprising one to two species are described. Details of these astigmatid trophic-processing functional groups need field validation and more corroborative comparative enzymology. Chelal velocity ratio in itself is not highly predictive of habitat but with cheliceral aspect ratio (or chelal adductive force) is indicative of life-style. Herbivores and pest species are typified by a predicted large chelal adductive force. Pest species may be ‘shredders’ derived from protein-seeking necrophages. Carpoglyphus lactis typifies a mite with tweezer-like chelae of very feeble adductive force. It is suggested that possible zoophagy (hypocarnivory) is associated with low chelal adductive force together with a small or large gape depending upon the size of the nematode being consumed. Kuzinia laevis typifies an oophagous durophage. Functional form is correlated with taxonomic position within the Astigmata—pyroglyphids and glycyphagids being distinct from acarids. A synthesis with mesostigmatid and oribatid feeding types is offered together with clarification of terminologies. The chelal lyrifissure in the daintiest chelicerae of these astigmatids is located similar to where the action of the chelal moveable digit folds the cheliceral shaft in uropodoids, suggesting mechanical similarities of function. Acarid astigmatids are trophically structured like microphytophagous/fragmentary feeding oribatids. Some larger astigmatids (Aleuroglyphus ovatus, Kuzinia laevis, Tyroborus lini) approximate, and Neosuidasia sp. matches, the design of macrophytophagous oribatids. Most astigmatid species reviewed appear to be positioned with other oribatid secondary decomposers. Only Dermatophagoides microceras might be a primary decomposer approximating a lichenivorous oribatid (Austrachipteria sp.) in trophic form. Astigmatid differences are consilient with the morphological trend from micro- to macrophytophagy in oribatids. The key competency in these actinotrichid mites is a type of ‘gnathosomisation’ through increased chelal and cheliceral height (i.e., a shape change that adjusts the chelal input effort arm and input adductive force) unrestricted by the dorsal constraint of a mesostigmatid-like gnathotectum. A predictive nomogram for ecologists to use on field samples is included. Future work is proposed in detail.

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“…Contrary to our expectations, the presence of intact eggs of T. putrescentiae from yeast or the eggs of T. urticae from bean did not repel A. allotrichus females from the black locust leaf discs. Both these heterospecifics could be potential competitors for A. allotrichus, although the mould mite is omnivorous and only 'opportunistically' feeds on plant tissue [55][56][57]. The ability of the eriophyoid mites to recognise and respond to a competitor's cues was demonstrated in the experiment with A. guerreronis [20].…”

Section: The Effect Of the Presence Of Injured Heterospecifics Sand Or Pollen On The A Allotrichus Movement From Old Leavesmentioning

confidence: 93%

What Could Arrest an Eriophyoid Mite on a Plant? The Case of Aculops allotrichus from the Black Locust Tree

Michalska

Studnicki

2021

Insects

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Aculops allotrichus is a vagrant eriophyoid that lives gregariously on the leaves of the black locust tree. This study demonstrated that conspecifics can have a significant impact on A. allotrichus females on unprofitable, old black locust leaves and can arrest them on those leaves. The effect was more pronounced in females that were exposed to artificially injured individuals than to intact ones. They not only prolonged their sojourn on leaf discs with pierced conspecifics, but also preferred the leaf disc halves with damaged individuals to clean ones. Aculops allotrichus is the first described herbivore in which artificially injured conspecifics, instead of causing alarm, keep the foraging individuals within a risky patch. Other objects, such as artificially injured or intact heterospecifics, pollen or sand, were irrelevant to the eriophyoid females on old leaf patches. In tests with old leaves of maple, magnolia and hard kiwi vine, the females postponed their movement from non-host leaf discs, which suggests that they may need more time to recognise and evaluate unfamiliar plants than familiar ones.

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Development and reproductive potential of Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Acari: Acaridae) on plant-parasitic nematodes and artificial diets

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

Two Populations of Mites (Tyrophagus putrescentiae) Differ in Response to Feeding on Feces-Containing Diets

Two Populations of Mites (Tyrophagus putrescentiae) Differ in Response to Feeding on Feces-Containing Diets

Cheliceral chelal design in free-living astigmatid mites

What Could Arrest an Eriophyoid Mite on a Plant? The Case of Aculops allotrichus from the Black Locust Tree

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