Development and reliability of a test for assessing executive functions during exercise

Hooper, Beatriz; Faria, Larissa Oliveira; Fortes, Leonardo de Sousa; Wanner, Samuel Penna; Albuquerque, Maicon Rodrigues

doi:10.1080/23279095.2020.1807984

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…This approach provided a fair comparison of variability from different scales-derived scores between trials. Both SEM and MD were calculated as shown in Equations (2) and (3), being interpreted in combination with the percentage of pre-to-post RVP test change [ 45 ].

where SEM is the standard error of measurement

where MD is the minimal difference and k is the number of trials.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proof-of-Concept and Test-Retest Reliability Study of Psychological and Physiological Variables of the Mental Fatigue Paradigm

Brietzke

Vinícius

Franco‐Alvarenga

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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This study provided a proof-of-concept and test–retest reliability of measures frequently used to assess a mental fatigue paradigm. After familiarization, 28 healthy men performed (40-min) the Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVP) test in a test–retest design, having mental fatigue sensation, motivation, emotional arousal, total mood disturbance, and electroencephalography (EEG) in the prefrontal cortex measured before and after the test. EEG was recorded during a 3-min rest so that the power spectral density of theta (3–7 Hz) and alpha (8–13 Hz) bands was calculated. Pre-to-post RVP test changes in psychological and physiological domains were compared (paired-T tests), and absolute (standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal difference (MD)) and relative reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)) were calculated. The RVP test induced an increase (p < 0.05) in mental fatigue sensation (120.9% (109.4; 132.4)) and total mood disturbance (3.5% (−6.3; 13.3)), and a decrease in motivation (−7.1% (−9.2; −5.1)) and emotional arousal (−16.2% (−19.1; −13.2)). Likewise, EEG theta (59.1% (33.2; 85.0); p < 0.05), but not alpha band, increased due to RVP test. All psychophysiological responses showed poor-to-moderate relative reliability. Changes in mental fatigue sensation and motivation were higher than SEM and MD, but changes in EEG theta band were higher only than SEM. Mental fatigue sensation, motivation, and EEG theta band were sensitive to distinguish a mental fatigue paradigm despite true mental fatigue effects on theta activity may be trivial.

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where SEM is the standard error of measurement

where MD is the minimal difference and k is the number of trials.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proof-of-Concept and Test-Retest Reliability Study of Psychological and Physiological Variables of the Mental Fatigue Paradigm

Brietzke

Vinícius

Franco‐Alvarenga

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…In previous studies (Faria et al, 2022;Frois et al, 2022;Hooper et al, 2022), using the same EFs task, our group showed that the RT has good reliability and is sensitive enough to identify changes in the task performance during moderate exercise. On the other hand, the accuracy demonstrated a ceiling effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…For practice trials, the stimulus exposure time was unlimited, and the feedback exposure time and the time between stimuli were 1000 ms. For test trials, the stimulus exposure time was 1500 ms, and the time between stimuli was 500 ms. In addition, as suggested by (Lehle & Hubner, 2008) and similar to our previous studies (Faria et al, 2022;Frois et al, 2022;Hooper et al, 2022), low incongruent stimuli percentage was adopted compared to congruent stimuli (27,27%) to prevent participants from adapting to them.…”

Section: Executive Functions Assessment During the Learning Sessionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In the present study, we used a Flanker/Reverse Flanker version (Diamond et al, 2007;Hogan et al, 2018) adapted to the physical exercise (for more details, please see Hooper et al, 2022) because the task is complex and assesses all three core EFs components (Diamond, 2013;Diamond et al, 2007;Hogan et al, 2018;Zhang, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, executive functions (EFs) tasks, seen as highly complex, requiring activation of large areas of the prefrontal cortex and phasic release of catecholamines, are expected to demonstrate the negative effect of high‐intensity physical exercise (McMorris, 2021). In the present study, we used a Flanker/Reverse Flanker version (Diamond et al, 2007; Hogan et al, 2018) adapted to the physical exercise (for more details, please see Hooper et al, 2022) because the task is complex and assesses all three core EFs components (Diamond, 2013; Diamond et al, 2007; Hogan et al, 2018; Zhang, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do executive function performance, gaze behavior, and pupil size change during incremental acute physical exercise?

et al. 2022

Self Cite

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Several studies have investigated the interaction between acute physical exercise and cognitive performance. However, few studies have investigated this issue during acute high-intensity exercise. In the present study, we evaluated executive functions (EFs) during incremental exercise in three different intensities [below lactate threshold (LT), at LT, and above LT], measuring EFs performance, gaze behavior, and pupil diameter. Twenty subjects were familiarized with the EFs test and participated in a graded maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer on the first visit. On the second visit, they performed the EFs task at rest and while exercising at three different intensities using mobile eye-tracking glasses. Our results showed that the psychophysiological measures differed between the conditions. Regarding EFs performance, during exercise above LT, the subjects showed worse accuracy when compared with rest (p < .001) and below LT (p < .001). In addition, the response time (RT) at LT and above LT was shorter than in the rest condition (p < .050). Further, RT was faster (p = .002) in the above LT than in the below LT condition. In addition, the gaze behavior measures indicated that exercise, independently of the intensity, improves the number of fixations with shorter fixation durations compared to the rest condition (p < .050). Additionally, we found no significant differences in average and peak pupil diameter between conditions. In conclusion, exercise at LT improves the EFs performance while exercising above LT worsens EFs performance. However, there were no significant differences in average and peak pupil diameter between conditions.

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Effects of Fitlight training on cognitive-motor performance in élite judo athletes

Campanella,

Cardinali,

Ferrari

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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Development and reliability of a test for assessing executive functions during exercise

Cited by 10 publications

References 53 publications

Proof-of-Concept and Test-Retest Reliability Study of Psychological and Physiological Variables of the Mental Fatigue Paradigm

Proof-of-Concept and Test-Retest Reliability Study of Psychological and Physiological Variables of the Mental Fatigue Paradigm

Do executive function performance, gaze behavior, and pupil size change during incremental acute physical exercise?

Effects of Fitlight training on cognitive-motor performance in élite judo athletes

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