Development and Programmed Cell Death in the Filament Cells of Lathyrus undulatus Boiss.

Abstract

-The androecium in Lathyrus undulatus Boiss. consisted of 10 stamens. The anther was joined to the fi lament on the outward facing surface (dorsifi xed). After dehiscence anther and fi lament separate from connecting edge and anther falls off. In the present study development and programmed cell death process in the fi lament cells of Lathyrus undulatus Boiss. (Fabaceae) were analyzed by light, fl uorescence and electron microcopy, during pollen development. The observations indicated that fi lament cells most fully developed at tetrad stage. The cytochemical identifi cations of proteins, insoluble polysaccharides and lipids within and around the vascular bundle suggest that fi lament cells are involved in the transport of the organic materials. Moreover, fi lament cells subject to programmed cell death confi rmed with TUNEL from young to mature pollen stage including structural alterations such as nucleus and chromatin condensation, vacuolization, concentric circle of membranes and disintegrated plastids. Granular materials and electron lucent areas in the cytoplasm were common at mature pollen stage. The attained data suggests that degenerated anther separate from fi lament by programmed cell death of the connecting edge.

Expression analysis of KDEL-CysEPs programmed cell death markers during reproduction in Arabidopsis

“…A previous study on filament cells of Lathyrus undulatus Boiss showed that after pollen maturation, the filament is separated from the anther via degeneration of the connecting edge so anthers can fall off (Filiz and Meral 2011).…”

Morphological, biochemical and molecular hallmarks of programmed cell death in stigmatic papillae of Brassica oleracea L.

“…Researchers have been detected the TUNEL positive reaction in cells undergoing PCD such as in filament of Hordeum vulgare (Wang et al 1999), in tapetal cells of Zea mays (González-Sanchez et al 2004) and, in suspensor and endosperm of Phaseolus coccineus (Lombardi et al 2007). Also, TUNEL positive nuclei were detected in anther wall cells and filament of Lathyrus undulatus (Vardar and Ünal 2012)…”

“…During dPCD processes, researchers have been reported the vacuolization in the inner integument of Brassica napus (Wan et al 2002), in tapetal cells of Oryza sativa (Ku et al 2003) and in tapetum and filament of Lathyrus undulatus (Vardar and Ünal 2012). Besides, vacuolization was reported during dPCD processes ofstyle tissue of Ficus carica (Aytürk and Ünal 2018), stigma of Arabidopsis thaliana (Gao et al 2018), and anther and ovule of Opuntia robusta (HernandezCruz et al 2019).…”

“…Also, researchers have been reported the nucleus and DNA degradation in suspensor and endosperm of Phaseolus coccineus (Lombardi et al 2007), nucleus degeneration and chromatin fragmentation in synergids of Malus domestica (Tagliasacchi et al 2007) and, chromatin condensation in non-functional megaspores of Lactuca sativa (Qiu et al 2008) during dPCD. Besides, nucleus and chromatin deformations in anther wall cells of Lathyrus undulatus (Vardar and Ünal 2012) and, chromatin condensation in stamen primordia of Cucumis sativus (Pawełkowicz et al 2019) were indicated as doped hallmarks by various researchers. Also, Shi et al (2020) have been reported chromatin fragmentation in suspensor cells undergoing PCD of Nicotiana tabacum.…”

“…Because dPCD can take place in sex determination, anther tapetum, megaspore, synergid, and antipodal cells, nucellus, endosperm, stylar transmitting tissue, stigmatic papillae or etc. (Brighigna et al 2006;Vardar and Ünal 2012;Papini et al 2011). dPCD is accompanied by various developmental stages at stigma during female reproductive organ development.…”