Development and Poverty Reduction

Yangwen, Zheng

doi:10.4324/9780429292125

Cited by 2 publications

References 99 publications

(183 reference statements)

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The accelerated infectious disease risk in the Anthropocene: more outbreaks and wider global spread

Morand

Walther

2020

Preprint

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The greatly accelerated economic growth during the Anthropocene has resulted in astonishing improvements in many aspects of human well-being, but has also caused the acceleration of risks, such as the interlinked biodiversity and climate crisis. Here, we report on another risk: the accelerated infectious disease risk associated with the number and geographic spread of human infectious disease outbreaks. Using the most complete, reliable, and up-to-date database on human infectious disease outbreaks (GIDEON), we show that the number of disease outbreaks, the number of diseases involved in these outbreaks, and the number of countries affected have increased during the entire Anthropocene. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of these outbreaks is becoming more globalized in the sense that the overall modularity of the disease networks across the globe has decreased, meaning disease outbreaks have become increasingly pandemic in their nature. This decrease in modularity is correlated with the increase in air traffic. We finally show that those countries and regions which are most central within these disease networks tend to be countries with higher GDPs. Therefore, one cost of increased global mobility and greater economic growth is the increased risk of disease outbreaks and their faster and wider spread. We briefly discuss three different scenarios which decision-makers might follow in light of our results.

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The accelerated infectious disease risk in the Anthropocene: more outbreaks and wider global spread

Morand

Walther

2020

Preprint

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Pellagra: Down Not Out If Down and Out (and South) – Part 2

Williams¹,

Wood²,

Hill³

2024

Vitamin B and Vitamin E - Pleiotropic and Nutritional Benefits

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North-South variation in the supply of meat has always been present. Sharing of meat was the rule but in the multi-centric Neolithic revolution when domestication of animals and plants co-evolved class differences became pronounced-aristocrats and inferior proletariats and “lesser breeds and lower orders” started to form. The distribution of natural domesticates was uneven with the near-east and a temperate band across Europe well off compared with Africa and the Americas. The Columbian exchange changed this as meat became abundant in the New World who then exported to Europe. Wars, expropriations and genocides were over the meat supply and acquiring pastureland or water. Colonial plantation profits paid for meat imports from “settler colonies” indigenous or poor peoples on low meat pro-pellagrous diets were considered inferior whatever their colour and had poorer health and life expectancy. Attempts to correct hunger in the resultant ramshackle “Third world” concentrated on calories fuelling population booms and busts and delaying demographic, epidemiological and economic transitions. High meat variances are narrowing in China and Asia but need help elsewhere in the South. Dangers of not developing with a safe and sufficient meat supply include the emergence of zoonoses and mass migration. Reparations, rehabilitation and rejuvenation should concentrate on reconstituting a meat commons giving us a shot at redemption and survival.

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Development and Poverty Reduction

Cited by 2 publications

References 99 publications

The accelerated infectious disease risk in the Anthropocene: more outbreaks and wider global spread

The accelerated infectious disease risk in the Anthropocene: more outbreaks and wider global spread

Pellagra: Down Not Out If Down and Out (and South) – Part 2

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