Development and implementation of water safety plans for groundwater resources in the southernmost city of West Azerbaijan Province, Iran

Abstract

The transfer of water from the source to the consumption point is always associated with the possibility of contamination in any of its various components. To resolve this problem, the World Health Organization has considered a water safety plan. The purpose of this study is to implement water safety plan in the water supply system of Bukan city. This study was performed on Bukan’s water supply system in 2019–20 using a software to guarantee the quality of the water safety plan and the WHO and IWA guidelines. The software checklists were prepared and after confirming the validity of the translation and its facial and content validity, it was completed based on the records of the Water and Sewerage Company and interviews with experts. Out of a total of 440 points of full-application of the program and 392 points for the reviewed phases, 183.6 points were acquired and 43.7% of WSP-coordinated implementation was observed. The highest percentage of WSP-coordinated implementation (75.2%) was assigned to the validation stage with the highest point, and the support program stage had the lowest percentage of performance (1.1%). Among the major components of the water supply system, the final consumption point received the most attention from the system. Given the lifespan of the introduction and use of WSP in the world, it was expected that better results would be obtained from evaluating the implementation and progress of this approach in Bukan’s water supply system. However, the implementation rate of this program in this city compared to other cities in Iran, showed that according to the implementation time (one year), the obtained results are relatively convincing and good and the water supply system has a moderate level of safety.

Risk Assessment of Drinking Water Supply System of Talesh Based on World Health Organization Water Safety Plan in 2021: A Case Study

“…Therefore, with the obtained scores, it shows that the organization has paid more attention to the sources of supply and consumption point. Based on a study conducted in Spain and France, more consideration is paid to treatment plant and distribution networks in France and the source of water supply in Spain (23). In the water supply system of Talesh city, due to the heavy expenses of installation and maintenance, relatively brief regard is for to the distribution network, and these factors can affect the ultimate quality of water hand over to point of use in the near future.…”

Accomplishment of water safety plan using quality assurance tool in 2020-2021: A case study in a western city of Gilan province, Iran

“…The scores of each department are 64%, 48%, 64%, and 154 points out of 352 total points, respectively, which shows the organization's more attention to the source of production and point of consumption. According to the study, the treatment plant and distribution network in France and the water supply source in Spain received the highest attention (27). Due to the high costs of installation and maintenance, less attention is paid to the distribution network of Talesh, and this affects the final quality of water delivered to consumers.…”

“…This study was suggested to identify the weaknesses and preventable points in the water supply system of Talesh, and highlight the need to change the existing attitude and the value of WSP in increasing the drinking water quality index. In addition, considering potential risks, appropriate solutions to reduce these risks in urban water supply systems will help (27).…”

Microbial Quantitative Risk Assessment in Springs as Community Drinking Water Sources in the Banggai Islands Karst Area, Central Sulawesi

“…Targets by 2030: Improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating waste disposal and minimizing the removal of chemicals and hazardous materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater, and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally 2 The extraction or utilization of karst springs to meet various needs from year to year always increases, in line with the increasing population and growing needs of the community 3 . The everincreasing need for water causes humans to forget that the environment's carrying capacity has limits in meeting domestic and other needs such as industry, agriculture, and urban needs 4 Factors that affect the quantity and quality of karst springs in the future, including land cover conditions in rainwater catchment areas, land use activities in rainwater catchment areas, geomorphological and geological conditions, as well as consumption patterns or utilization of spring sources to meet population needs that are highly dependent on regional development and population growth 5. The quality of groundwater in a region is largely determined by natural processes (lithology, groundwater velocity, affix water quality, and interaction with other types of aquifers) and anthropogenic activities (agriculture, industry, urban development) and increased exploitation of water resources 6. Land use is one of the most critical factors determining water quality. However, very few studies have focused on the impacts of land use and land cover change on karst hydrogeochemical systems.…”