Development and Evaluation of Rifampicin Loaded Alginate–Gelatin Biocomposite Microfibers

Abstract

Various systematic phases such as inflammation, tissue proliferation, and phases of remodeling characterize the process of wound healing. The natural matrix system is suggested to maintain and escalate these phases, and for that, microfibers were fabricated employing naturally occurring polymers (biopolymers) such as sodium alginate, gelatin and xanthan gum, and reinforcing material such as nanoclay was selected. The fabrication of fibers was executed with the aid of extrusion-gelation method. Rifampicin, an antibiotic, has been incorporated into a biopolymeric solution. RF1, RF2, RF3, RF4 and RF5 were coded as various formulation batches of microfibers. The microfibers were further characterized by different techniques such as SEM, DSC, XRD, and FTIR. Mechanical properties and physical evaluations such as entrapment efficiency, water uptake and in vitro release were also carried out to explain the comparative understanding of the formulation developed. The antimicrobial activity and whole blood clotting of fabricated fibers were additionally executed, hence they showed significant results, having excellent antimicrobial properties; they could be prominent carriers for wound healing applications.

Lipase‐Responsive Rifampicin‐Based Biodegradable PCL Nanocarrier for Antibacterial Treatment

“…FTIR analyses of PCL NPs, PCL−RFP NPs and RFP were observed in the range of 4000 to 400 cm −1 as shown in Figure 2A. In pure drug (RFP), the CH bond, C=O stretch and C−H bending occur at 2936, 1653, and 968 cm −1 , respectively [20] . Typical IR peaks of PCL were observed in both PCL NPs and PCL−RFP NPs.…”

State of the Art on Developments of (Bio)Sensors and Analytical Methods for Rifamycin Antibiotics Determination

“…For example, TB treatments include a two-month intensive therapy with different combinations of the first-line agents RIF, ISN, PYR and ETB, followed by another four months of RIF and ISN administration [ 57 ]. It was found that RIF could be applied for wound healing as well [ 58 ], and it was also explored to prevent the formation of biofilms [ 43 ]. There have been reports emphasizing that RIF has a neuroprotective function [ 59 ] and a therapeutic role in neurodegenerative disorders [ 60 , 61 ], including Alzheimer’s disease [ 62 ], as well as an ability to increase the accumulation of anticancer drugs in multidrug-resistant cancer cells [ 63 ], to cleavage or to bind to DNA [ 64 ], which may contribute to RIF anti-cancer activity.…”

“…Owing to their flexibility and soft nature, microfibers are used for drug delivery applications. In 2021, Sharma et al [ 58 ] described the fabrication of RIF-loaded microfibers by the ionotropic gelation method, starting with the naturally occurring biopolymers sodium alginate and gelatin, to which xanthan gum and nanoclay were added to enhance the mechanical strength of the fibrous structure. These biocomposite microfibers could be used for controlled and prolonged RIF release and as wound dressing material.…”

“…UV-Vis spectrometry based on the RIF absorption maximum at about 330–340 nm was employed to monitor the in vitro antibiotic release from drug-loaded polymeric microparticles [ 38 ] or biopolymers coated on biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds, while the RIF content of the corresponding polymers was assessed after the complete antibiotic dissolution, using the calibration curve method plotted in the concentration range 1.00–100.00 µg/mL in PBS and in DMSO, respectively [ 42 ]. The efficiency of RIF entrapment in microfibers [ 58 ] and its in vitro release from a dual-drug-based scaffold [ 76 ] were evaluated using similar methodologies. In vitro RIF release studies from biodegradable polymer microspheres during defined periods of time (1 h to 1 month) were performed by absorbance measurements in PBS at 470 nm applying the calibration curve method.…”

“…IR spectrometric methods are not commonly used for quantitative determinations. Their main application is related to the fact that IR spectra give useful information regarding the functional groups existing in the molecules, the purity of a material [ 38 ], the degradation of a compound or its interaction with other chemical species (e.g., mannose with gelatin [ 48 ], RIF incorporated into alginate-gelatin microfibres [ 58 ] or RIF with PEG 600 [ 69 ] and with CyD [ 71 ]) being monitored based on the presence or disappearance of characteristic peaks (e.g., for RIF in the ATR-FTIR spectrum at 3477 cm −1 (−OH), 1728 cm −1 (furanone), 1644 cm −1 (amide near C−O), 1567 cm −1 (C=C), 1490 cm −1 (amide close to C−C) [ 38 ]). Comparison of the ATR-FTIR spectra recorded for RIF, the used raw materials (aloe vera, sodium alginate, L-leucine) and the resulted RIF-loaded microparticles confirmed the presence and the integrity of the raw materials during the synthesis process [ 38 ].…”