Development and evaluation of a procedure for determining volatile organics in water

Michael, Larry C.; Pellizzari, Edo D.; Wiseman, Roger W.

doi:10.1021/es00170a014

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…ECH, similarly to other volatile organic compounds, has been determined in water by gas chromatography (GC), although this can require multi‐stage and time‐consuming procedures prior to the chromatographic analysis. The methods involved are most often based on isolation and/or enrichment techniques as dynamic headspace purge and trap,6, 7 static headspace,7, 8 liquid‐liquid extraction (LLE),8 solid‐phase extraction (SPE),5, 8 or solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) 8–10. GC determination has been carried out by using detection systems as electron capture detection (ECD),5, 7, 9, 12 flame ionization detection (FID)9, 10, 12 and mass spectrometry (MS) 10–13…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of sub‐ppb epichlorohydrin levels in water by on‐line solid‐phase extraction liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

Ripollés

Marín

López

et al. 2009

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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8A new sensitive and selective method based on on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled 9 to LC(ESI)MS/MS using a triple quadrupole analyzer has been developed for the determination of 10 epichlorohydrin (ECH) in different types of water samples. The great difficulties for ECH direct 11 determination resulting from its low molecular size, high polarity and non-easily ionizable molecule 12 make necessary a previous derivatization step. This previous reaction was optimized employing 3,5-13 difluorobenzylamine as derivative agent adding Fe(III) to catalyze the derivatization process. In 14 order to achieve accurate quantification and for correction of matrix effects, losses in the 15 derivatization process and instrumental deviations, ECH isotope labelled (ECH-d 5 ) was added as 16 internal standard (IS) to water samples. The method was validated based on European SANCO 17 guidelines using drinking and other types of treated water spiked at two concentration levels (0.1 18 and 1.0 µg/L), the lowest having been established as the limit of quantification (LOQ)

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confidence: 99%

Determination of sub‐ppb epichlorohydrin levels in water by on‐line solid‐phase extraction liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

Ripollés

Marín

López

et al. 2009

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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“…Other acceptable methods include portable direct reading instruments and real-time continuous monitoring systems; these methods generally have a sensitivity in the ppm range. The most frequently used analytical methods for water samples containing benzene are GC/MS, GC/FID, and GC/PID (Blanchard and Hardy, (1986); Colenutt and Thorburn (1980);DOI, 1984;EPA, 1984EPA, , 1992Hammers and Bosman, 1986;Harland, et al, 1985;Lysyj, et al, 1980;Michael, et al, 1988;Pereira and Hughes, 1980;Sporstøl, et al, 1985). Benzene is usually isolated from aqueous media by the purge-and-trap method (Brass, et al, 1977;Colenutt and Thorburn (1980);DOI, 1984;EPA, 1979EPA, , 1984EPA, , 1992Hammers and Bosman, 1986;Harland, et al, 1985;Michael, et al, 1988).…”

Section: Environmental Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The purged benzene is trapped on an adsorbent substance, such as Tenax GC or activated charcoal, and thermally desorbed. Recovery, where reported, ranges from acceptable (≈70%) (EPA, 1979(EPA, , 1984Michael, et al, 1988) to very good (≥90%) (Colenutt and Thorburn (1980); EPA, 1984EPA, , 1992Hammers and Bosman, 1986). Detection limits in the sub-ppb to ppt range may be attained with HRGC/MS techniques (EPA, 1992;Michael, et al, 1988).…”

Section: Environmental Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

ATSDR evaluation of potential for human exposure to benzene

et al. 2008

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As part of its mandate, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepares toxicological profiles on hazardous chemicals found at Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) National Priorities List (NPL) sites that have the greatest public health impact. These profiles comprehensively summarize toxicological and environmental information. This article constitutes the release of portions of the toxicological profile for benzene. The primary purpose of this article is to provide interested individuals with environmental information on benzene that includes production data, environmental fate, potential for human exposure, analytical methods, and a listing of regulations and advisories.

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“…The internal standard solution in methanol and a water standard of native analytes in "VOC-free" water were prepared fresh each day. Samples of "VOC-free" water (containing < 20 ppt of most VOCs) were prepared by helium purging of rural well water at elevated temperature followed by distillation under helium purge, using a similar method to that reported previously [24].…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of enhanced mass resolution in removing interferences when measuring volatile organic compounds in human blood by using purge-and-trap gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Bonin

Ashley

Cardinali

et al. 1992

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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The number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can be purged from human blood is so great that they cannot be separated completely by capillary gas chromatography. As a result, the single-mass chromatograms used for quantitating the target compounds by mass spectrometry have many interferences at nominal (integer) mass resolution of a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The results of these interferences range from small errors in quantitation to completely erroneous results for the target VOCs. By using a magnetic sector mass spectrometer, these interferences at nominal mass can be removed at higher resolution by lowering the ion chromatogram windows around the masses of interest. At 3000 resolution (10% valley definition), unique single-ion chromatograms can be made for the quantitation ions of the target VOCs. Full-scan mass data are required to allow the identification of unknown compounds purged from the blood. By using isotope-dilution mass spectrometry, most target VOCs can be detected in the low parts per trillion range for a 10-mL quantity of blood from which the VOCs have been removed by a purge-and-trap method.

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Development and evaluation of a procedure for determining volatile organics in water

Cited by 23 publications

References 3 publications

Determination of sub‐ppb epichlorohydrin levels in water by on‐line solid‐phase extraction liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

Determination of sub‐ppb epichlorohydrin levels in water by on‐line solid‐phase extraction liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

ATSDR evaluation of potential for human exposure to benzene

Importance of enhanced mass resolution in removing interferences when measuring volatile organic compounds in human blood by using purge-and-trap gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

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