The topochemical reactivity of diacetylene
monomers has long been
established and involves the 1,4-addition polymerization reaction.
This reaction is governed by well-defined parameters that allow the
synthesis of diacetylene polymers. Polydiacetylenes are conjugated
polymers that display unique colorimetric and fluorescent transitions
when they are exposed to a range of stimuli, allowing them to be easily
exploited in biosensors, chemosensors, and radiochromic dosimeters.
In this review, we summarize recent work on polydiacetylene systems,
focusing on examples involving 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid (PCDA)
that can be structured as polymerized vesicles, films, gels, and powders.
Synthetic derivatives of PCDA are also reviewed, along with the effect
of incorporating guest molecules to a diacetylene system and establishing
the important relationship between reversible thermochromism and noncovalent
interactions.