Development and Characterization of Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) as Markers to Identify Strawberry Cultivars (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.)

Abstract

The octoploid cultivated strawberry, Fragaria × ananassa Duch., is one of the most important commercial fruit species in Japan. Recently, cultivars developed in Japan are being used in other countries and the products are exported to Japan without the permission of breeders. Therefore, we need a way to protect breeders' rights. So, we newly developed four simple sequence repeats (SSR) as markers to establish a more reliable method for the identification of strawberry cultivars (F. × ananassa). Especially, the frequency of two marker polymorphisms was high, and they facilitated the detection of 10 major Japanese commercial strawberry cultivars. The results indicated that the SSR markers were specific enough to identify octoploid strawberry cultivars for the protection of breeders' rights.

Studies Using DNA Markers in Fragaria × ananassa: Genetic Analysis, Genome Structure, and Cultivar Identification

“…Techniques such as a ligation step and/or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis required high level skill, and made us hesitate to recommend these methods for use in local inspection stations. The procedures for CAPS and SSR analyses were simpler, and the detected polymorphisms were more stable because the number of loci targeted in each amplification reaction was limited (Kunihisa et al, 2003;Shimomura and Hirashima, 2006); however, competition among eight homoeologous sequences in each reaction caused the polymorphic signals to be weak or sometimes invisible. DNA identification might to be applied in court cases, so having a reliable technique is essential; therefore, genome-specific DNA markers with reproducibility as high as in diploids are adequate for polyploid strawberries.…”

“…Another type of co-dominant marker, SSR, was developed in wild strawberry (Ashley et al, 2003) and then in F. × ananassa (Lewers et al, 2005;Shimomura and Hirashima, 2006) (Fig. 3).…”

“…3. Examples of SSR markers (Shimomura and Hirashima, 2006). SSR profiles produced by amplification with two sets of primers.…”

“…These DNA markers include restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Subsequently, simple sequence repeat (SSR) (Ashley et al, 2003;Lewers et al, 2005;Shimomura and Hirashima, 2006) and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers (Kunihisa et al, 2003(Kunihisa et al, , 2005a were introduced. The reported CAPS markers were characterized by their genome-specificity.…”

High Levels of Genetic Variation as Detected by Aflp in Sideritis tmolea from Western Turkey

“…The major applications of DNA markers for plant genetics include the assessment of phylogeny in selecting suitable parents for the generation of heterosis (Biton et al, 2012). Thus, several researchers have developed a wide range of molecular markers that have been used in several genetic diversity studies (Shimomura and Hirashima, 2006;Martins-Lopes et al, 2008;Cui et al, 2010). Among the different molecular marker approaches, AFLP is one of the most widely used in various plant species with different degrees of relatedness (Witkowicz et al, 2003).…”