Development and Characterization of Lightweight Geopolymer Composite Reinforced with Hybrid Carbon and Steel Fibers

Baziak, Agnieszka; Pławecka, Kinga; Hager, Izabela; Castel, Arnaud; Korniejenko, Kinga

doi:10.3390/ma14195741

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The actual density of the material obtained after the municipal waste utilization (B) was equal to 2.107 g/cm 3 . These values are in line with the properties given for bulk geopolymeric solid materials in the literature [ 4 , 46 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

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Development of Geopolymers Based on Fly Ashes from Different Combustion Processes

et al. 2022

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The main aim of this research is to assess different fly ashes as raw materials for the manufacturing of geopolymers. Three different fly ashes have been investigated. First, a conventional fly ash from the Skawina coal power plant (Poland), obtained at a temperature of 900–1100 °C. Second, ultra-fine fly ash from a power plant in China; the side product received at 1300 °C. The third fly ash was waste was obtained after combustion in incineration plants. To predict the properties and suitability of materials in the geopolymerization process, methods based on X-ray analysis were used. The applied precursors were tested for elemental and chemical compounds. The investigations of geopolymer materials based on these three fly ashes are also presented. The materials produced on the basis of applied precursors were subjected to strength evaluation. The following research methods were applied for this study: density, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), flexural and compressive strength. The obtained results show that materials based on fly ashes had a similar compressive strength (about 60 MPa), while significant differences were observed during the bending test from 0.1 to 5.3 MPa. Ultra-fine fly ash had a lower flexural strength compared to conventional fly ash. This study revealed the need for process optimization for materials based on a precursor from a waste incineration plant.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Portland cement productions emits about 7% of global CO 2 . Because of that, alternatives to Portland cement are increasingly being sought [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Examples of such alternatives are alkali-activated binders or geopolymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Geopolymers Based on Fly Ashes from Different Combustion Processes

et al. 2022

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“…The results of the density changes presented in this article align with other research [35,36]. They do not show any significant changes, taking into account the fiber addition.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…They do not show any significant changes, taking into account the fiber addition. The values obtained are in the range of 1.4 to 1.70 g/cm 3 , which is typical for geopolymer composites [35,36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Fracture Behavior of Long Fiber Reinforced Geopolymer Composites at Different Operating Temperatures

et al. 2022

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The aim of this article was to analyze the fracture behavior of geopolymer composites based on fly ash or metakaolin with fine aggregate and river sand, with three types of reinforcement: glass, carbon, and aramid fiber, at three different temperatures, approximately: 3 °C, 20 °C, and 50 °C. The temperatures were selected as a future work temperature for composites designed for additive manufacturing technology. The main research method used was bending strength tests in accordance with European standard EN 12390-5. The results showed that the addition of fibers significantly improved the bending strength of all composites. The best results at room temperature were achieved for the metakaolin-based composites and sand reinforced with 2% wt. aramid fiber—17 MPa. The results at 50 °C showed a significant decrease in the bending strength for almost all compositions, which are unexpected results, taking into account the fact that geopolymers are described as materials dedicated to working at high temperatures. The test at low temperature (ca. 3 °C) showed an increase in the bending strength for almost all compositions. The grounds of this type of behavior have not been clearly stated; however, the likely causes of this are discussed.

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“…Alkaline environments protect the fibers against oxidation, making carbon fiber-reinforced geopolymers suitable for use at elevated temperatures [53][54][55]. For the reinforcement of geopolymers, carbon fibers are most commonly used in the form of fabrics, long fibers, chopped fibers, dispersed particles, and also in the form of graphite, graphene, or waste left over from the manufacture of aerospace components [49,[56][57][58]. The main obstacle to the large-scale use of carbon fibers is their high production cost.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Fiber Reinforcement on the Compression and Flexural Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Geopolymers

et al. 2021

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This work aimed to determine the effect of the addition of different types of reinforcing fibers on the strength properties of geopolymers such as flexural and compressive strength. Geopolymers are an attractive alternative to conventional binders and building materials; however, one of the main problems of their widespread use is their low resistance to brittle fracture. To improve the mechanical properties, reinforcement in the form of glass, carbon, and basalt fibers (as grids) was applied to geopolymers in the following work. Additionally, composites with these fibers were produced not only in the matrix of pure geopolymer but also as a hybrid variant with the addition of cement. Furthermore, basalt grids were used as reinforcement for geopolymers not only based on ash but also metakaolin. An additional variable used in the study was the molar concentration of the alkali solution (5 M and 10 M) for the different types of geopolymer samples. The mechanical properties of geopolymer materials and geopolymer–cement hybrids are the highest when reinforcement in the form of carbon fiber is used. Strength values for geopolymers reinforced with basalt mats depend on the number of reinforcement layers and the concentration of the alkaline solution used. All produced composites were tested for compressive strength and bending strength. When using basalt mesh, it was possible to achieve a bending strength of 12 MPa. The highest compressive strength that was achieved was the value of 66 MPa, while for samples not reinforced with fibers, only about 40 MPa was achieved.

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Development and Characterization of Lightweight Geopolymer Composite Reinforced with Hybrid Carbon and Steel Fibers

Cited by 21 publications

References 48 publications

Development of Geopolymers Based on Fly Ashes from Different Combustion Processes

Development of Geopolymers Based on Fly Ashes from Different Combustion Processes

Fracture Behavior of Long Fiber Reinforced Geopolymer Composites at Different Operating Temperatures

Effect of Fiber Reinforcement on the Compression and Flexural Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Geopolymers

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