Development and basic evaluation of a prognostic aerosol scheme (v1) in the CNRM  Climate Model CNRM-CM6

Michou, Martine; Nabat, Pierre; Saint‐Martin, David

doi:10.5194/gmd-8-501-2015

Cited by 51 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(139 reference statements)

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“…They modify the radiative budget of the Earth through different effects, which are the direct, semi-direct and indirect effects. The direct radiative effect corresponds to the absorption and scattering of the solar incident radiation (Mitchell, 1971;Coakley Jr. et al, 1983) that generally produce a cooling effect both at the surface and at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). The consequences of the direct radiative effect on the atmospheric dynamics is defined as the semi-direct effect (Hansen et al, 1997;Allen and Sherwood, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model simulation of ammonium and nitrate aerosols distribution in the Euro-Mediterranean region and their radiative and climatic effects over 1979–2016

et al. 2019

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Aerosols play an important role in Europe and the Mediterranean area where different sources of natural and anthropogenic particles are present. Among them ammonium and nitrate (A&N) aerosols may have a growing impact on regional climate. In this study, their representation in coarse and fine modes has been introduced in the prognostic aerosol scheme of the ALADIN-Climate regional model. This new aerosol scheme is evaluated over Europe and the Mediterranean Sea, using two twin simulations over the period 1979-2016 with and without A&N aerosols. This evaluation is performed at local and regional scales, using surface stations and satellite measurements. Despite an overestimate of the surface nitrate concentration, the model is able to reproduce its spatial pattern including local maxima (Benelux, Po Valley). Concerning the simulated aerosol optical depth (AOD), the inclusion of A&N aerosols significantly reduces the model bias compared to both AERONET stations and satellite data.Our results indicate that A&N aerosols can contribute up to 40 % of the total AOD 550 over Europe, with an average of 0.07 (550 nm) over the period 2001-2016. Sensitivity studies suggest that biases still present are related to uncertainties associated with the annual cycle of A&N aerosol precursors (ammonia and nitric acid). The decrease in sulfate aerosol production over Europe since 1980 produces more free ammonia in the atmosphere leading to an increase in A&N concentrations over the studied period. Analyses of the different aerosol trends have shown for the first time to our knowledge that, since 2005 over Europe, A&N AOD 550 and A&N shortwave (SW) direct radiative forcing (DRF) are found to be higher than sulfate and organics, making these the species with the highest AOD and the highest DRF. On average over the period 1979-2016, the A&N DRF is found to be about −1.7 W m −2 at the surface and −1.4 W m −2 at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) in all sky conditions over Europe, with regional maxima located at the surface over the Po Valley (−5 W m −2 ). Finally, the dimming effect of A&N aerosols is responsible for a cooling of about −0.2 • C over Europe (summer), with a maximum of −0.4 • C over the Po Valley. Concerning precipitation, no significant impact of A&N aerosols has been found.Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model simulation of ammonium and nitrate aerosols distribution in the Euro-Mediterranean region and their radiative and climatic effects over 1979–2016

et al. 2019

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“…The version 5.3 is used in the present study with a 50 km horizontal resolution, 31 vertical levels and the ERA-Interim reanalysis (Dee et al, 2011) as lateral boundary forcing. This model includes a prognostic aerosol scheme, adapted from the GEMS/MACC aerosol scheme (Morcrette et al, 2009;Benedetti et al, 2011;Michou et al, 2015). The main aerosol species are represented: dust, sea salt, sulfate, black carbon and organic particles.…”

Section: Atmospheric Model Outputsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ continuous visible and near-infrared spectroscopy of an alpine snowpack

Dumont¹,

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Snow spectral albedo in the visible/near-infrared range has been continuously measured during a winter season at Col de Porte alpine site (French Alps; 45.30 • N, 5.77 • E; 1325 m a.s.l.). The evolution of such alpine snowpack is complex due to intensive precipitation, rapid melt events and Saharan dust deposition outbreaks. This study highlights that the resulting intricate variations of spectral albedo can be successfully explained by variations of the following snow surface variables: specific surface area (SSA) of snow, effective light-absorbing impurities content, presence of liquid water and slope. The methodology developed in this study disentangles the effect of these variables on snow spectral albedo. The presence of liquid water at the snow surface results in a spectral shift of the albedo from which melt events can be identified with an occurrence of false detection rate lower than 3.5 %. Snow SSA mostly impacts spectral albedo in the near-infrared range. Impurity deposition mostly impacts the albedo in the visible range but this impact is very dependent on snow SSA and surface slope. Our work thus demonstrates that the SSA estimation from spectral albedo is affected by large uncertainties for a tilted snow surface and medium to high impurity contents and that the estimation of impurity content is also affected by large uncertainties, especially for low values below 50 ng g −1 black carbon equivalent. The proposed methodology opens routes for retrieval of SSA, impurity content, melt events and surface slope from spectral albedo. However, an exhaustive accuracy assessment of the snow black properties retrieval would require more independent in situ measurements and is beyond the scope of the present study. This time series of snow spectral albedo nevertheless already provides a new insight into our understanding of the evolution of snow surface properties.

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“…Second, MACv2 appears as a rather obvious data set to enlarge to other aerosol properties an analysis using MACv2‐SP which describes only anthropogenic aerosol properties. Lastly, the evaluation of our model outputs in terms of aerosols against observations from the real world is not presented here as it had already been done in a previous version of TACTIC (Michou et al, ) and then in several other papers following the evolution of the scheme (Drugé et al, ; Nabat et al, ; Watson et al, ), as well as “in‐house,” all along model developments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Present‐Day and Historical Aerosol and Ozone Characteristics in CNRM CMIP6 Simulations

Michou

Nabat

Saint‐Martin

et al. 2020

J Adv Model Earth Syst

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Characteristics and radiative forcing of the aerosol and ozone fields of two configurations of the Centre National de Recherches Météoroglogiques (CNRM) and Cerfacs climate model are analyzed over the historical period (1850-2014), using several Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) simulations. CNRM-CM6-1 is the atmosphere-ocean general circulation model including prescribed aerosols and a linear stratospheric ozone scheme, while the Earth System Model CNRM-ESM2-1 has interactive tropospheric aerosols and chemistry of the midtroposphere aloft. The representations of aerosols and ozone in CNRM-CM6-1 are issued from simulations of CNRM-ESM2-1, and this ensures some comparability of both representations. In particular, present-day anthropogenic aerosol optical depths are similar (0.018), and their spatial patterns correspond to those of reference data sets such as MACv2 and MACv2-SP despite a negative bias. Effective radiative forcings (ERFs) have been estimated using 30-year fixed sea surface temperature simulations (piClim) and several calls to the radiative scheme. Present-day anthropogenic aerosol ERF, aerosol-radiation ERF, and aerosol cloud ERF are fully within CMIP5 estimates and, respectively, equal to −1.10, −0.36, and −0.81 W m −2 for CNRM-CM6-1 and −0.21, −0.61, and −0.74 W m −2 for CNRM-ESM2-1. Additional CMIP6-type piClim simulations show that these differences are mainly due to the interactivity of the aerosol scheme whose impact is confirmed when assessing the response of both climate model configurations to rising CO 2 . Present-day stratospheric ozone ERF, equal to −0.04 W m −2 , is in agreement with that of the CMIP6 ozone. No trend appears in the ozone ERF over the historical period although the evolution of the total column ozone is correctly simulated. Plain Language SummaryThe manuscript documents the Météo-France Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques aerosol-chemistry modeling contributions to the sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project that supports the sixth IPCC Assessment Report of climate change. It establishes that their results are suitable for use by the scientific community in the analysis of the sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project experiments. The authors provide an evaluation of the model performance in both present-day and historical (1850-2014) contexts, as well as a detailed analysis of the model calculated effective radiative forcing due to ozone and aerosols.

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Development and basic evaluation of a prognostic aerosol scheme (v1) in the CNRM Climate Model CNRM-CM6

Cited by 51 publications

References 75 publications

Model simulation of ammonium and nitrate aerosols distribution in the Euro-Mediterranean region and their radiative and climatic effects over 1979–2016

Model simulation of ammonium and nitrate aerosols distribution in the Euro-Mediterranean region and their radiative and climatic effects over 1979–2016

In situ continuous visible and near-infrared spectroscopy of an alpine snowpack

Present‐Day and Historical Aerosol and Ozone Characteristics in CNRM CMIP6 Simulations

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