Development and Automation of a Photovoltaic-Powered Soil Moisture Sensor for Water Management

Melo, D.; Silva, Patrícia Costa; Costa, Adriana Rodolfo da; Delmond, Josué Gomes; Ferreira, Ana Flávia Alves; Souza, J. A. C. de; Júnior, José Francisco de Oliveira; Silva, Jhon Lennon Bezerra da; Jardim, Alexandre Maniçoba da Rosa Ferraz; Giongo, Pedro Rogério; Ferreira, Maria Beatriz Rocha; Montenegro, Abelardo Antônio de Assunção; Oliveira, Henrique Fonseca Elias de; Silva, Thieres George Freire da; Silva, Marcos Vinícius da

doi:10.3390/hydrology10080166

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The introduction of sensor technology and data loggers encouraged automation and use of sensors for water management. Most of the recent works are focused on agricultural applications [ 21 , 22 ]. The current study is mainly targeting the influence of environmental and geoenvironmental influence on the subsurface soils.…”

Section: Related Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using 5TE Sensors for Monitoring Moisture Conditions in Green Parks

Dafalla

2024

Sensors

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The ground surface and subsurface of green parks in arid and desert areas may be subjected to desiccation as a result of weather and hot temperatures. It is not wise to wait until plants are turning pale and yellow before watering is resumed. Given the scarcity of water in typical desert zones, we recommend full control of irrigation water. This study presents a method of recycling irrigation water using 5TE sensors, employing time-domain reflectometry (TDR) technology. A trial test section was constructed along the coast of the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. Water recycling involves using clay–sand liners placed below the top agricultural soils to intercept excess water and direct it towards a collection tank, and then it is pumped out to a major water supply tank. The main properties of soils and clay–sand liners normally taken into account include moisture content, density, and hydraulic conductivity. An assessment of geotechnical properties of clay–sand mixtures containing 20% clay content was conducted. The profiles of moisture and temperature changes were monitored using 5TE sensors and data loggers. The 5TE sensors provided continuous measurements at varying temperatures and watering cycles. Twenty-nine watering cycles were conducted over a six-month period. An additional section was considered with a liner consisting of the same clay but enhanced with bentonite as one-third of the clay content. The volumetric water content was found to vary from 0.150 to 0.565 following changing weather and direct watering cycles. The results indicated that the use of a TDR instrumentation is a cost-effective and time-saving technique to construct a system for saving irrigation water.

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Section: Related Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using 5TE Sensors for Monitoring Moisture Conditions in Green Parks

Dafalla

2024

Sensors

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“…New developments in open-source microelectronics (i.e., Arduino, Raspberry Pi) and data communication systems (i.e., radio, cellular, Wi-Fi) provide new opportunities for enhancing data collection and data communication for lysimeters and other scale systems used in agricultural applications [27,28]. The availability of Internet-connected devices via developing and applying Internet of Things (IoT) systems can make weighing lysimeters more affordable and convenient [29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Effective and Affordable Internet of Things (IoT) Scale System to Measure Crop Water Use

Payero

2024

AgriEngineering

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Scales are widely used in many agricultural applications, ranging from weighing crops at harvest to determine crop yields to regularly weighing animals to determine growth rate. In agricultural research applications, there is a long history of measuring crop water use (evapotranspiration [ET]) using a particular type of scale called weighing lysimeters. Typically, weighing lysimeters require very accurate data logging systems that tend to be expensive. Recent developments in open-source technologies, such as micro-controllers and Internet of Things (IoT) platforms, have created opportunities for developing effective and affordable ways to monitor crop water use and transmit the data to the Internet in near real-time. Therefore, this study aimed to create an affordable Internet of Things (IoT) scale system to measure crop ET. A scale system to monitor crop ET was developed using an Arduino-compatible microcontroller with cell phone communication, electronic load cells, an Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) multiplexer, and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). The system was powered by a LiPo battery, charged by a small (6 W) solar panel. The IoT scale system was programmed to collect data from the load cells at regular time intervals and send the data to the ThingSpeak IoT platform. The system performed successfully during indoor and outdoor experiments conducted in 2023 at the Clemson University Edisto Research and Education Center, Blackville, SC. Calibrations relating the measured output of the scale load cells to changes in mass resulted in excellent linear relationships during the indoor (r2 = 1.0) and outdoor experiments (r2 = 0.9994). The results of the outdoor experiments showed that the IoT scale system could accurately measure changes in lysimeter mass during several months (Feb to Jun) without failure in data collection or transmission. The changes in lysimeter mass measured during that period reflected the same trend as concurrent soil moisture data measured at a nearby weather station. The changes in lysimeter mass measured with the IoT scale system during the outdoor experiment were accurate enough to derive daily and hourly crop ET and even detect what appeared to be dew formation during the morning hours. The IoT scale system can be built using open-source, off-the-shelf electronic components which can be purchased online and easily replaced or substituted. The system can also be developed at a fraction of the cost of data logging, communication, and visualization systems typically used for lysimeter and scale applications.

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“…Ongoing research initiatives aim to leverage emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) to collect and manage data from agricultural facilities [5,[8][9][10][11][12][13]. The integration of IoT with Artificial Intelligence (AI) for decision-making [14], remote sensing for observation [15], and blockchain technology for data security [16] further enhances agricultural processes, including disease identification, pest control, soil monitoring [17,18], and yield prediction [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IoT Solutions with Artificial Intelligence Technologies for Precision Agriculture: Definitions, Applications, Challenges, and Opportunities

Senoo,

Anggraini,

Kumi

et al. 2024

Electronics

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The global agricultural sector confronts significant obstacles such as population growth, climate change, and natural disasters, which negatively impact food production and pose a threat to food security. In response to these challenges, the integration of IoT and AI technologies emerges as a promising solution, facilitating data-driven decision-making, optimizing resource allocation, and enhancing monitoring and control systems in agricultural operations to address these challenges and promote sustainable farming practices. This study examines the intersection of IoT and AI in precision agriculture (PA), aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of their combined impact and mutually reinforcing relationship. Employing a systematic literature review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, we explore the synergies and transformative potential of integrating IoT and AI in agricultural systems. The review also aims to identify present trends, challenges, and opportunities in utilizing IoT and AI in agricultural systems. Diverse forms of agricultural practices are scrutinized to discern the applications of IoT and AI systems. Through a critical analysis of existing literature, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of how the integration of IoT and AI technologies can revolutionize PA, resulting in improved efficiency, sustainability, and productivity in the agricultural sector.

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Development and Automation of a Photovoltaic-Powered Soil Moisture Sensor for Water Management

Cited by 9 publications

References 45 publications

Using 5TE Sensors for Monitoring Moisture Conditions in Green Parks

Using 5TE Sensors for Monitoring Moisture Conditions in Green Parks

An Effective and Affordable Internet of Things (IoT) Scale System to Measure Crop Water Use

IoT Solutions with Artificial Intelligence Technologies for Precision Agriculture: Definitions, Applications, Challenges, and Opportunities

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