“…In recent years, numerous studies have focused on industrial energy use and energy effi ciency in various manufacturing sectors. Research in relation to energy effi ciency has been conducted in the area of the quantifi cation of extended energy effi ciency gap in the Swedish electricity-intensive industry (Paramonova S. et al, 2015), a model development that calculates the gap between the actual level of energy effi ciency and what theoretically could be reached (Coss S. et al, 2015), as well as the operation optimization of a distributed energy system considering energy costs and exergy effi ciency (Di Somma M. et al, 2015). Th e results confi rm that, due to various factors, such as complex industrial sites and energy fl ows, multiple products and fuels, and the infl uence of the production rate on energy effi ciency, there is a need for the usage of a structured framework to defi ne and measure energy effi ciency more precisely (Giacone E. and Manco S., 2012).…”