Developing Team Cohesion: A Comparison of Cognitive-Behavioral Strategies of U.S. and Australian Sport Coaches

Ryska, Todd A.; Yin, Zenong; Cooley, Dean; Ginn, Rebecca

doi:10.1080/00223989909599760

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(17 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Several studies have revealed that parental behavior, coaching practices, and coach-athlete compatibility significantly impact the child's behavioral and emotional responses to organized sport participation (Rosenfeld et al, 1989;Scanlan and Lewthwaite, 1989;Black and Weiss, 1992). Positive coaching behaviors typically include performance-based encouragement, individualized instruction, active listening, and development of team cohesion (Ryska et al, 1997). Passer (1982) suggests that when supportive coaching behaviors such as these are largely absent within the competitive setting, considerable anxiety may be manifested in the young athlete.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Testing the buffering hypothesis: Perceptions of coach support and pre-competitive anxiety among male and female high school athletes

Ryska

Yin

1999

Curr Psychol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Research suggests that social support moderates or "buffers" the impact of stress on the individual and thus indirectly affects emotional well-being (Cohen and Wills, 1985). The present study sought to extend the "buffering hypothesis" to competitive sport by examining the influence of perceived coach support on competitive state anxiety among young athletes (N = 270). Results from confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) substantiated the validity of the sport-modified Social Provisions Scale (Russell and Cutrona, 1984;Ryska and Yin, 1994). Structural equation modeling analyses revealed a significant support-anxiety effect in the high trait-anxious model only (r = -.27, p < .05). The present results suggest that perceived coach support represents an important mediating factor in the sport stress process among highly anxious athletes.A recent proliferation of social psychology research has investigated the role of social support in reducing ill-health effects due to life stress. Studies conclude that individuals who receive high levels of social support tend to suffer fewer negative health consequences following stressful events than those receiving less support (Dean and Lin, 1977;Davis-Sacks et al., 1985). However, social support has minimal impact on an individual's physical or psychological status in the absence of life stress (Argyle and Little, 1972;Cassel, 1974). This "buffering effect" of social support has been demonstrated in a variety of contexts such as life crises (Lepore et al., 1991), unemployment and job stress (Gore, 1978;Richman, and Rosenfeld, 1987), physical and mental illness (Hammer, 1981;Leavy, 1983), and transitional to parenthood (Cutrona, 1984).Although the mechanisms underlying the support-stress relationship have not been clearly identified, Taylor's (1985) cognitive adaptation model provides a possible explanation of the stress-buffering role of social support. In order to cope with threatening events, an individual must arrive at a personal meaning of the event, regain control over themselves, and maintain an adequate level of self-esteem. Although social support plays an integral role in each of these cognitive processes for threatened individuals, it has less impact for those individuals who do not perceive their environment as particularly stressful.For most young athletes, competitive sport represents an enjoyable process of self-discovery. It is common for young sport participants to develop positive goal-oriented behavior and self-confidence as they strive to improve their sport ability.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Testing the buffering hypothesis: Perceptions of coach support and pre-competitive anxiety among male and female high school athletes

Ryska

Yin

1999

Curr Psychol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Likewise, from a youth athlete's perspective, sport participants identified the "lack of cliques" as an actual indication of a team's level of social cohesion (Eys, Loughead, Bray, & Carron, 2009). From a team-building perspective, one qualitative investigation asked coaches to provide strategies for facilitating team cohesion (Ryska, Yin, Cooley, & Ginn, 1999). A theme that emerged was the 'breaking-up of cliques,' and coaches highlighted the importance of promoting a sense of social acceptance (vs. clique development and isolation) among team members.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cliques in Sport: Perceptions of Intercollegiate Athletes

Martin

Wilson

Evans

et al. 2015

The Sport Psychologist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although cliques are often referenced in sporting circles, they have received little attention in the group dynamics literature. This is surprising given their potential influence on group-related processes that could ultimately influence team functioning (e.g., . The present study examined competitive athletes' perceptions of cliques using semistructured interviews with 18 (nine female, nine male) intercollegiate athletes (Mage = 20.9, SD = 1.6) from nine sport teams. Athletes described the formation of cliques as an inevitable and variable process that was influenced by a number of antecedents (e.g., age/tenure, proximity, similarity) and ultimately shaped individual and group outcomes such as isolation, performance, and sport adherence. Further, athletes described positive consequences that emerged when existing cliques exhibited more inclusive behaviors and advanced some areas of focus for the management of cliques within sport teams. Results are discussed from both theoretical and practical perspectives.

show abstract

“…Because of the important association between cohesion and team performance, sport psychologists and team managers seek team-building techniques that effectively and consistently produce changes in cohesion (e.g., Crace & Hardy, 1997). Suggested team-building interventions include developing shared goals, accepting individual differences, learning personal information, establishing a similar attitude across team members, and promoting communication (Carron, 1980;Eys et al, 2010;Martin, Carron, & Burke, 2009;Prapavessis & Carron, 1997;Ryska, Yin, Cooley, & Ginn, 1999;Turman, 2003). Moreover, team-building techniques are perceived by many managers and coaches to be an integral part of a team's development (Bloom, Stevens, & Wickwire, 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Doing Sport Psychology: Personal-Disclosure Mutual-Sharing in Professional Soccer

Windsor

Barker

McCarthy

2011

The Sport Psychologist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study evaluated the effects of a personal-disclosure mutual-sharing (PDMS) intervention on team cohesion and communication among 21 male professional soccer players from a top division club within the United Kingdom (UK) before an important match in the latter stages of a domestic cup competition. Data from the Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ) and the British Scale for Effective Communication in Team Sports (BRSECTS) showed no statistically significant changes in cohesion or positive and negative communication from pre to postintervention (i.e., pretest to posttest); yet the team performed above their expectations in the important match only to lose in a penalty shoot-out. Social validation data further revealed that most players felt the intervention was worthwhile and benefitted the team by enhancing closeness, understanding of teammates, and communication. We discuss strategies and guidance for sport psychologists considering a PDMS intervention in the context of professional sport teams. Future research directions considering the effects of PDMS with other professional and youth UK sports, collective efficacy, and social identity is outlined.

show abstract

Developing Team Cohesion: A Comparison of Cognitive-Behavioral Strategies of U.S. and Australian Sport Coaches

Cited by 22 publications

References 22 publications

Testing the buffering hypothesis: Perceptions of coach support and pre-competitive anxiety among male and female high school athletes

Testing the buffering hypothesis: Perceptions of coach support and pre-competitive anxiety among male and female high school athletes

Cliques in Sport: Perceptions of Intercollegiate Athletes

Doing Sport Psychology: Personal-Disclosure Mutual-Sharing in Professional Soccer

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About